Objective: The authors conducted a large-scale cohort study using the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology's perinatal registry database to determine the effect of myomectomy on perinatal outcomes.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study enrolled 203 745 women who gave birth between January and December 2020 in Japan. The participants were classified into two groups based on their history of myomectomy (open/laparoscopic) to investigate fertility treatment, delivery information, obstetric complications, maternal treatment, infant information, fetal appendages, obstetric history, underlying disease, infectious disease, drugs used, and case information regarding maternal and infant death.
Results: In total, 1161 pregnant women had a history of myomectomy and 202 584 did not. Compared with the nonmyomectomy group, the myomectomy group had a higher occurrence rate of uterine rupture (0.9% vs 0.06%, P < 0.01) and placenta accreta (1.5% vs 0.5%, P < 0.01). In addition, history of myomectomy (odds ratio [OR], 2.62 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.500-4.226]; P < 0.001) was found to be an independent factor for placenta accrete and uterine rupture (OR, 14.4 [95% CI, 6.75-27.02]; P < 0.001). Furthermore, myomectomy increased the risk of uterine rupture by 14 times.
Conclusion: Postmyomectomy pregnancy may increase the risk of placenta accreta and uterine rupture.
Keywords: myomectomy; obstetric complications; placenta accreta; uterine fibroid; uterine leiomyoma; uterine rupture.
© 2023 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics.