Antileishmanial and Antiplasmodial Activities of Secondary Metabolites from the Root of Antrocaryon klaineanum Pierre (Anacardiaceae)

Gabrielle Ange Amang À Ngnoung; Lazare S Sidjui; Peron B Leutcha; Yves O Nganso Ditchou; Lauve R Y Tchokouaha; Gaëtan Herbette; Beatrice Baghdikian; Theodora K Kowa; Desire Soh; Raoul Kemzeu; Madan Poka; Patrick H Demana; Xavier Siwe Noundou; Alembert T Tchinda; Fabrice Fekam Boyom; Alain M Lannang; Barthélemy Nyassé

doi:10.3390/molecules28062730

Antileishmanial and Antiplasmodial Activities of Secondary Metabolites from the Root of Antrocaryon klaineanum Pierre (Anacardiaceae)

Molecules. 2023 Mar 17;28(6):2730. doi: 10.3390/molecules28062730.

Authors

Gabrielle Ange Amang À Ngnoung^{1

2}, Lazare S Sidjui^{2

3}, Peron B Leutcha^{1

4}, Yves O Nganso Ditchou^{1

5}, Lauve R Y Tchokouaha⁶, Gaëtan Herbette⁷, Beatrice Baghdikian⁸, Theodora K Kowa², Desire Soh^{5

9}, Raoul Kemzeu¹⁰, Madan Poka¹¹, Patrick H Demana¹¹, Xavier Siwe Noundou¹¹, Alembert T Tchinda², Fabrice Fekam Boyom¹⁰, Alain M Lannang^{4

12}, Barthélemy Nyassé⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, Maroua P.O. Box 814, Cameroon.
² Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaoundé P.O. Box 13033, Cameroon.
³ Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 812, Cameroon.
⁴ Natural Product and Environmental Chemistry Group (NAPEC), Department of Chemistry, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Maroua, Maroua P.O. Box 55, Cameroon.
⁵ Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé P.O. Box 812, Cameroon.
⁶ Laboratory of Pharmacology and Drugs Discovery, IMPM, Yaoundé P.O. Box 13033, Cameroon.
⁷ Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, FSCM, Spectropole, Campus de St Jérôme-Service 511, 13397 Marseille, France.
⁸ Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS 7263, IRD 237, Avignon Université, IMBE, 27 Blvd Jean Moulin, Service of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, 13385 Marseille, France.
⁹ Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College Bambili, The University of Bamenda, Bambili, Bamenda P.O. Box 39, Cameroon.
¹⁰ Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit, Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde P.O. Box 812, Cameroon.
¹¹ Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0204, South Africa.
¹² Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Mineral Industries, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere P.O. Box 454, Cameroon.

Abstract

Antrocaryon klaineanum is traditionally used for the treatment of back pain, malaria, female sterility, chlamydiae infections, liver diseases, wounds, and hemorrhoid. This work aimed at investigating the bioactive compounds with antileishmanial and antiplasmodial activities from A. klaineanum. An unreported glucocerebroside antroklaicerebroside (1) together with five known compounds (2-6) were isolated from the root barks of Antrocaryon klaineanum using chromatographic techniques. The NMR, MS, and IR spectroscopic data in association with previous literature were used for the characterization of all the isolated compounds. Compounds 1-4 are reported for the first time from A. klaineanum. The methanol crude extract (AK-MeOH), the n-hexane fraction (AK-Hex), the dichloromethane fraction (AK-DCM), the ethyl acetate fraction (AK-EtOAc), and compounds 1-6 were all evaluated for their antiparasitic effects against Plasmodium falciparum strains susceptible to chloroquine (3D7), resistant to chloroquine (Dd2), and promastigotes of Leishmania donovani (MHOM/SD/62/1S). The AK-Hex, AK-EtOAc, AK-MeOH, and compound 2 were strongly active against Dd2 strain with IC₅₀ ranging from 2.78 ± 0.06 to 9.30 ± 0.29 µg/mL. Particularly, AK-MeOH was the most active-more than the reference drugs used-with an IC₅₀ of 2.78 ± 0.06 µg/mL. The AK-EtOAc as well as all the tested compounds showed strong antileishmanial activities with IC₅₀ ranging from 4.80 ± 0.13 to 9.14 ± 0.96 µg/mL.

Keywords: Antrocaryon klaineanum; anacardiaceae; antileishmanial activity; antiplasmodial activity; cerebroside.

MeSH terms

Anacardiaceae* / chemistry
Antimalarials* / chemistry
Antimalarials* / pharmacology
Antiprotozoal Agents* / pharmacology
Chloroquine
Plant Extracts / chemistry
Plasmodium falciparum

Substances

Antimalarials
Plant Extracts
Antiprotozoal Agents
Chloroquine

Grants and funding

This research received no external funding.