Impact of the Fukushima Accident on 3H and 14C Environmental Levels: A Review of Ten Years of Investigation

Molecules. 2023 Mar 10;28(6):2548. doi: 10.3390/molecules28062548.

Abstract

The investigation of the impact of the Fukushima accident is still going on although more than ten years have passed since the disaster. The main goal of this paper was to summarize the results of tritium and radiocarbon determinations in different environmental samples, possibly connected with the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident. A document containing compiled data may serve as a solid basis for further research in the selected fields. To accomplish such effort, we went through dozens of relevant published papers, reporting 3H and 14C activity concentrations in precipitations, groundwater, seawater, river systems, tree rings, and, in some more extraordinary samples, such as herbaceous plants or debris from the damaged reactor buildings. As the referenced results would not be obtainable without adequate analytical techniques, the most common methods for routine measurement of tritium and radiocarbon concentrations are discussed as well. We believe that the correct identification of the affected environmental compartments could help quantify the released 3H and 14C activities and track their following fate, which could be especially important for plans to discharge contaminated water from the FDNPP in the upcoming years.

Keywords: Fukushima accident; analytical techniques; environment; radiocarbon; tritium.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Cesium Radioisotopes
  • Fukushima Nuclear Accident*
  • Groundwater*
  • Japan
  • Tritium / analysis
  • Water Pollutants, Radioactive* / analysis

Substances

  • Tritium
  • Cesium Radioisotopes
  • Water Pollutants, Radioactive

Grants and funding

This research received no external funding.