Ecotoxicity of o-Chlorobenzylidene Malononitrile (CBM) and Toxicological Risk Assessment for SCLP Biological Cultures (Saccharomyces sp., Chlorella sp., Lactobacillus sp., Paramecium sp.)

Toxics. 2023 Mar 20;11(3):285. doi: 10.3390/toxics11030285.

Abstract

Toxic substances used as chemical weapons present a number of particularities that affect the surrounding environment, having a wide range of action by disrupting the ecological balance: they may infect soil or air, or form aerosols through smoke or toxic fog. Such substances can have a long duration of action, from minutes to weeks, which is why they are used in military attacks. This study evaluated the toxicological character of o-chlorobenzyliden malonitrile (CBM) in order to study the toxicity limit of this substance using microbiological cultures of Saccharomyces sp., Chlorella sp., Lactobacillus sp. and Paramecium sp., which were used to determine their rate of growth in the presence of different concentrations of o-chlorobenzyliden malonitrile and their ability to respond to this toxic stimulus.

Keywords: CFU/mL; CS gas; EC50; OD; TEM; ecotoxicity; o-chlorobenzylidene manolonitrile.

Grants and funding

The authors would like to express their deepest gratitude to Oil-Gas University of Ploiesti for the technical and financial support for this study. This work was also supported by the Ministry of Research, Innovation, and Digitization, Contract no. PN-III-P2-2.1-PTE-2021-0675, and Nucleu Programme, Project PN.19.23.01.01 Smart-Bi.