The rational design and preparation of stable and multifunctional metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with excellent catalysis and adsorption properties are desirable but are great challenges. The nitrophenol (NP) reduction to aminophenols (APs) by using the catalyst Pd@MOFs is an effective strategy, which has attracted extensive attention in recent years. Here, we report four stable isostructural two-dimensional (2D) rare earth metal-organic frameworks [RE4(AAPA)6(DMA)2 (H2O)4][DMA]3[H2O]8 (namely LCUH-101, RE = Eu, Gd, Tb, Y; AAPA2- = 5-[(anthracen-9-yl-methyl)-amino]-1,3-isophthalate), which feature a 2D layer structure with sql topology of point symbol {44·62} and exhibit excellent chemical stability and thermostability. The as-synthesized Pd@LCUH-101 was utilized for the catalytic reduction of 2/3/4-nitrophenol, which indicates high catalytic activity and recyclability attributed to the synergistic effect between Pd nanoparticles and the 2D layered structure. Of note, the turnover frequency (TOF), the reaction rate constant (k), and the activation energy (Ea) of Pd@LCUH-101 (Eu) in the reduction of 4-NP, respectively, are 1.09 s-1, 2.17 min-1, and 50.2 kJ·mol-1, which show that it has superior catalytic activity. Remarkably, LCUH-101 (Eu, Gd, Tb, and Y) are multifunctional MOFs that can effectively absorb and separate mixed dyes. The appropriate interlayer spacing enables them to efficiently adsorb methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB) in aqueous solution, with adsorption capacities of 0.97 and 0.41 g·g-1, respectively, which is one of the highest values among those of the reported MOF-based adsorbers. Meanwhile, LCUH-101 (Eu) can be used for the separation of the dye mixture MB/MO and RhB/MO, and the excellent reusability enables LCUH-101 (Eu) to be used as chromatographic column filters to quickly separate and recover dyes. Therefore, this work provides a new strategy for the exploitation of stable and efficient catalysts for NP reduction and adsorbents for dyes.