Linkages between poverty and food insecurity in Pakistan: Evidence from urban and rural households in Peshawar

Zeeshan Kibria; Muhammad Naseem Khan; Saima Aleem; Zia Ul Haq

doi:10.12669/pjms.39.2.7122

Linkages between poverty and food insecurity in Pakistan: Evidence from urban and rural households in Peshawar

Pak J Med Sci. 2023 Mar-Apr;39(2):479-484. doi: 10.12669/pjms.39.2.7122.

Authors

Zeeshan Kibria¹, Muhammad Naseem Khan², Saima Aleem³, Zia Ul Haq⁴

Affiliations

¹ Dr. Zeeshan Kibria, Additional Director ORIC, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
² Dr. Muhammad Naseem Khan, Associate Professor Population Medicine, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Qatar.
³ Dr. Saima Aleem, Senior Research Fellow, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
⁴ Dr. Zia ul Haq, Vice Chancellor / Professor of Public Health, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan.

Abstract

Objective: To assess household poverty, sanitation and hygiene practices, and food security in both urban and rural settlements of district Peshawar.

Methods: We conducted this cross-sectional study from March 2019 to October 2019 in the urban and rural households of Peshawar, KPK. Using stratified random sampling, 554 households (HH) having children and young adolescents of age 5-19 years, adult men > 19 - 62 years, and adult women >19 - 62 years were included in this study. Data was collected using comprehensive tool comprised of all validated questionnaires and was analyzed using SPSS Version 24.0.

Result: Within the urban clusters, the maximum number of households (n=29) were from Gari Baloch and the minimum number of households (n=7) were from Gulberg. In the rural clusters, the maximum number of households surveyed (n=41) were from Lamara, minimum(n=21) was from Chargula. The average age of household heads was 44.5 ±12.5 with mean age slightly higher in urban areas (45.1 ±11.8) compared to 44.0 ±13.2 in rural areas. The mean poverty score was 56.8 (±11.6) with 72.1% non-poor households, and 94.2% households being food secure. Handwashing practices were highly prevalent among all the HH, however, handwashing practices before eating were comparatively lower in all HH (45.2%), lowest (37.8%) among rural households.

Conclusion: The findings of the study revealed both non-poor and food secure households with satisfactory water, hygiene and sanitation practices.

Keywords: Dietary Diversity; Food Security; Households; Poverty; WASH.