Viral-induced neuroinflammation: Different mechanisms converging to similar exacerbated glial responses

Brenda Rocamonde; Uzma Hasan; Cyrille Mathieu; Hélène Dutartre

doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1108212

Viral-induced neuroinflammation: Different mechanisms converging to similar exacerbated glial responses

Front Neurosci. 2023 Mar 2:17:1108212. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1108212. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Brenda Rocamonde^{1

2}, Uzma Hasan^{3

4}, Cyrille Mathieu⁵, Hélène Dutartre^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Équipe d'Oncogenèse Rétrovirale, INSERM U1111 - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Lyon, France.
² Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, Labex Ecofect, Lyon, France.
³ Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team Enveloped Viruses, Vectors and Immunotherapy INSERM U1111 - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Lyon, France.
⁴ The Lyon Immunotherapy for Cancer Laboratory (LICL), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL, UMR INSERM 1052 - CNRS 5286) Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.
⁵ Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie Équipe Neuro-Invasion, Tropism and Viral Encephalitis, INSERM U1111 - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Lyon, France.

Abstract

There is increasing evidence that viral infections are the source/origin of various types of encephalitis, encephalomyelitis, and other neurological and cognitive disorders. While the involvement of certain viruses, such as the Nipah virus and measles virus, is known, the mechanisms of neural invasion and the factors that trigger intense immune reactions are not fully understood. Based on recent publications, this review discusses the role of the immune response, interactions between viruses and glial cells, and cytokine mediators in the development of inflammatory diseases in the central nervous system. It also highlights the significant gaps in knowledge regarding these mechanisms.

Keywords: HAM/TSP pathogenesis; HTLV-1; Nipah virus (NiV); encephalitis; measles virus; multiple sclerosis; neuro-infection.

Publication types

Review

Grants and funding

This work was supported by Ligue Contre le Cancer (Equipe labelisée program EL2013-3Mahieux) and Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale (FRM, programme Equipe labelisée, program DEQ20180339200); University of Lyon (Fapesp 2014/22827-7 joint program 2015 and IDEX-INT-2020-36). BR was supported by FRM, HD was supported by INSERM, CM was supported by CNRS and grants from French ANR NITRODEP (project ANR-13-PDOC-0010-01) (http://www.agence-nationale-recherche.fr), and UH was supported by INSERM. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.