Pestiviruses infection: Interferon-virus mutual regulation

Tianqi Hong; Yi Yang; Pengzhi Wang; Guoqiang Zhu; Congrui Zhu

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2023.1146394

Pestiviruses infection: Interferon-virus mutual regulation

Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2023 Mar 2:13:1146394. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1146394. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Tianqi Hong^{1

2

3

4}, Yi Yang^{1

2

3

4}, Pengzhi Wang^{1

2

3

4}, Guoqiang Zhu^{1

2

3

4}, Congrui Zhu⁵

Affiliations

¹ College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
² Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
³ Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation on Prevention and Control Technology of Important Animal Diseases and Zoonoses of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
⁴ Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
⁵ College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.

Abstract

Pestiviruses are a class of viruses that in some cases can cause persistent infection of the host, thus posing a threat to the livestock industry. Interferons (IFNs) are a group of secreted proteins that play a crucial role in antiviral defense. In this review, on the one hand, we elaborate on how pestiviruses are recognized by the host retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I), melanoma-differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5), and Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) proteins to induce the synthesis of IFNs. On the other hand, we focus on reviewing how pestiviruses antagonize the production of IFNs utilizing various strategies mediated by self-encoded proteins, such as the structural envelope protein (E^rns) and non-structural protein (N^pro). Hence, the IFN signal transduction pathway induced by pestiviruses infection and the process of pestiviruses blockade on the production of IFNs intertwines into an intricate regulatory network. By reviewing the interaction between IFN and pestiviruses (based on studies on BVDV and CSFV), we expect to provide a theoretical basis and reference for a better understanding of the mechanisms of induction and evasion of the innate immune response during infection with these viruses.

Keywords: antagonism; antiviral; interaction; interferons; pestiviruses.

Publication types

Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Antiviral Agents
Immunity, Innate
Interferons
Pestivirus* / metabolism
Viruses*

Substances

Interferons
Antiviral Agents

Grants and funding

This project was supported by the fellowship of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2022M711207), a project founded by the Priority Academic Program of Development Jiangsu High Education Institution, and High End Talent Program for International Collaboration (G2022014150L).