Association Between Sleep Efficiency and Hypertension in Chinese Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients

Ning Xia; Hao Wang; Yu Chen; Xiao-Jun Fan; Xiu-Hong Nie

doi:10.2147/NSS.S396893

Association Between Sleep Efficiency and Hypertension in Chinese Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients

Nat Sci Sleep. 2023 Mar 10:15:79-88. doi: 10.2147/NSS.S396893. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Ning Xia¹, Hao Wang², Yu Chen¹, Xiao-Jun Fan¹, Xiu-Hong Nie¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Respiratory Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
² Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.

Abstract

Objective: We aimed to explore the relationship of sleep efficiency (SE) with the prevalence of hypertension in Chinese obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients based on polysomnography (PSG) records.

Methods: We studied 2360 patients with OSA and 764 primary snorers who underwent PSG in our hospital. SE was divided into three grades, including ≥85%, 80%~84.9%, and <80%. Hypertension was defined based either on direct blood pressure measurements, under anti-hypertensive treatments or on physician diagnosis. Multivariate logistic regression models were conducted to investigate the association between SE and hypertension.

Results: After adjusting for potential confounding factors, OSA patients with <80% SE and those with 80% to 84.9% SE were significantly associated with the prevalence of hypertension (OR = 1.248, 95% CI 1.018~1.531, P=0.033; OR = 1.380, 95% CI 1.040~1.832, P=0.026). Compared to primary snorers, OSA combined with <85% SE increased the odds of hypertension. In stratified analysis by SE, risk of hypertension only in those with <80% SE was significantly different between OSA and primary snorers. Furthermore, this relationship between reduced SE and hypertension was evident especially in female, younger ages, obese, moderate and severe OSA patients. No significant relationship between reduced SE and hypertension was found in primary snores group.

Conclusion: We found that poor SE was correlated with the prevalence of hypertension in Chinese OSA patients, but not in those with primary snoring. Moreover, this relationship was evident especially in female, younger ages, obese, moderate and severe OSA patients.

Keywords: hypertension; obstructive sleep apnea; polysomnography; sleep efficiency.

Grants and funding

Supported by research grants from Capital Medical University Research Project (grant number: XWJL-2019035). The investigators are solely responsible for the design, conduct, data analysis and interpretation of this study, writing the manuscript, and the decision to submit the manuscript for publication, without any influence from the financial supporters.