Gut Microbes and Circulating Cytokines in Preterm Infants with Growth Failure

Katie M Strobel; Giorgia Del Vecchio; Sherin U Devaskar; Kara L Calkins

doi:10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.10.005

Gut Microbes and Circulating Cytokines in Preterm Infants with Growth Failure

J Nutr. 2023 Jan;153(1):120-130. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.10.005. Epub 2022 Dec 20.

Authors

Katie M Strobel¹, Giorgia Del Vecchio¹, Sherin U Devaskar¹, Kara L Calkins²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; The University of California Los Angeles Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
² Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; The University of California Los Angeles Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Electronic address: kcalkins@mednet.ucla.edu.

Abstract

Background: Growth failure (GF) is a multifactorial problem in preterm infants. The intestinal microbiome and inflammation may contribute to GF.

Objectives: This study's objective was to compare the gut microbiome and plasma cytokines in preterm infants with and without GF.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of infants with birth weights of <1750 g. Infants with a weight or length z-score change from birth to discharge or death that was less than or equal to -0.8 (GF group) were compared with infants without GF [control (CON) group]. The primary outcome was the gut microbiome (at weeks 1-4 of age), assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing using Deseq2. Secondary outcomes included inferred metagenomic function and plasma cytokines. Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States determined metagenomic function, which was compared using ANOVA. Cytokines were measured by 2-multiplexed immunometric assays and compared using Wilcoxon tests and linear mixed models.

Results: GF (n = 14) and CON group (n = 13) had similar median (IQR) birth weight (1380 [780-1578] g vs. 1275 [1013-1580] g) and gestational age (29 [25-31] weeks vs. 30 [29-32] weeks). Compared with the CON group, the GF group had a greater abundance of Escherichia/Shigella in weeks 2 and 3, Staphylococcus in week 4, and Veillonella in weeks 3 and 4 (P-adjusted < 0.001 for all). Plasma cytokine concentrations did not differ significantly between the cohorts. When all time points are combined, fewer microbes were involved in TCA cycle activity in the GF group compared with the CON group (P = 0.023).

Conclusions: In this study, when compared with CON infants, GF infants had a distinct microbial signature with increased Escherichia/Shigella and Firmicutes and fewer microbes associated with energy production at later weeks of hospitalization. These findings may suggest a mechanism for aberrant growth.

Keywords: cytokines; growth failure; microbiome; premature infants; tricarboxylic acid cycle.

Publication types

Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

Birth Weight
Cytokines / genetics
Gastrointestinal Microbiome* / genetics
Humans
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Infant, Premature*
Phylogeny
Prospective Studies
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / genetics

Substances

Cytokines
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S

Abstract

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

Grants and funding