Extracellular vesicles mediate biological information delivery: A double-edged sword in cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction

Peipei Cheng; Xinting Wang; Qian Liu; Tao Yang; Huiyan Qu; Hua Zhou

doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1067992

Extracellular vesicles mediate biological information delivery: A double-edged sword in cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction

Front Pharmacol. 2023 Feb 22:14:1067992. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1067992. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Peipei Cheng^{1

2}, Xinting Wang^{1

2}, Qian Liu^{1

2}, Tao Yang^{1

2}, Huiyan Qu^{2

3}, Hua Zhou^{1

2

3}

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
² Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
³ Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Abstract

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a severe ischemic disease with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Maladaptive cardiac remodeling is a series of abnormalities in cardiac structure and function that occurs following myocardial infarction (MI). The pathophysiology of this process can be separated into two distinct phases: the initial inflammatory response, and the subsequent longer-term scar revision that includes the regression of inflammation, neovascularization, and fibrotic scar formation. Extracellular vesicles are nano-sized lipid bilayer vesicles released into the extracellular environment by eukaryotic cells, containing bioinformatic transmitters which are essential mediators of intercellular communication. EVs of different cellular origins play an essential role in cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction. In this review, we first introduce the pathophysiology of post-infarction cardiac remodeling, as well as the biogenesis, classification, delivery, and functions of EVs. Then, we explore the dual role of these small molecule transmitters delivered by EVs in post-infarction cardiac remodeling, including the double-edged sword of pro-and anti-inflammation, and pro-and anti-fibrosis, which is significant for post-infarction cardiac repair. Finally, we discuss the pharmacological and engineered targeting of EVs for promoting heart repair after MI, thus revealing the potential value of targeted modulation of EVs and its use as a drug delivery vehicle in the therapeutic process of post-infarction cardiac remodeling.

Keywords: cardiac remodeling; cargo delivery; drug delivery; extracellular vesicles; myocardial infarction.

Publication types

Review

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the Three-year Action Plan of Shanghai Shenkang Medical Development Center (grant no. SHDC2020CR1053B, SHDC2020CR6012-003); the Shanghai Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission (grant no. ZY-(2018–2020)-CCCX-2003); the Shanghai Medical Leading Talents Program (grant no. 0462015); the Shanghai Shenkang Medical Development Center Emerging Frontier Technology Joint Research Project (grant no. SHDC12018125); the Science and Technology Support Project of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission (grant nos. 20S21901800 and 18401932800).