An Efficient Grid-Based Geocasting Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks

Neng-Chung Wang; Ming-Fong Tsai; Chao-Yang Lee; Young-Long Chen; Shih-Hsun Wong

doi:10.3390/s23052783

An Efficient Grid-Based Geocasting Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks

Sensors (Basel). 2023 Mar 3;23(5):2783. doi: 10.3390/s23052783.

Authors

Neng-Chung Wang¹, Ming-Fong Tsai², Chao-Yang Lee³, Young-Long Chen⁴, Shih-Hsun Wong¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 360302, Taiwan.
² Department of Electronic Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 360302, Taiwan.
³ Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliou 640301, Taiwan.
⁴ Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung 404336, Taiwan.

Abstract

In a wireless sensor network (WSN), geocasting is a location-based routing protocol used for data collection or information delivery. In geocasting, a target region usually contains many sensor nodes with limited battery capacity, and sensor nodes in multiple target regions need to transmit data to the sink. Therefore, how to use location information to construct an energy efficient geocasting path is a very important issue. FERMA is a geocasting scheme for WSNs based on Fermat points. In this paper, an efficient grid-based geocasting scheme for WSNs, which is called GB-FERMA, is proposed. The scheme uses the Fermat point theorem to search for the specific nodes as Fermat points in a grid-based WSN, and it selects the optimal relay nodes (gateways) in the grid structure to realize energy-aware forwarding. In the simulations, when the initial power 0.25 J, the average energy consumption of GB-FERMA is about 53% of FERMA-QL, 37% of FERMA, and 23% of GEAR; however, when with the initial power 0.5 J, the average energy consumption of GB-FERMA is about 77% of FERMA-QL, 65% of FERMA, and 43% of GEAR. The proposed GB-FERMA can effectively reduce the energy consumption and thus prolong the lifetime of the WSN.

Keywords: Fermat point; Internet of Things; geocasting; grid-based; wireless sensor network.

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Republic of China under grant MOST-110-2221-E-239-002 and the National United University under grant 112-NUUPRJ-01.