Cytotoxicity Analysis for the Hydroxyl Functionalized MWCNT Reinforced PMMA Nanocomposites in Oral Squamous Carcinoma (KB) Cells

Vijay Patel; Unnati Joshi; Anand Joshi; Tarun Kumar Upadhyay; Lamya Ahmed Al-Keridis; Mohd Saeed

doi:10.3390/polym15051192

Cytotoxicity Analysis for the Hydroxyl Functionalized MWCNT Reinforced PMMA Nanocomposites in Oral Squamous Carcinoma (KB) Cells

Polymers (Basel). 2023 Feb 27;15(5):1192. doi: 10.3390/polym15051192.

Authors

Vijay Patel¹, Unnati Joshi¹, Anand Joshi², Tarun Kumar Upadhyay³, Lamya Ahmed Al-Keridis⁴, Mohd Saeed⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, Gujarat, India.
² Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, Gujarat, India.
³ Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, Gujarat, India.
⁴ Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 34464, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

In this particular research study, a unique three-dimensional mixing technique was used to incorporate multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and the KB cell line was used in the analysis of cytotoxicity, apoptosis detection, and cell viability using the MTT assay protocol. At low concentrations (0.001 to 0.1 g/mL), these results showed that the CNT did not seem to cause cell death or apoptosis directly. It increased lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity against KB cell lines. This was demonstrated by the fact that the CNT increased the time it took for KB cell lines to die. In the end, the unique three-dimensional mixing method solves problems such as clumping and uneven mixing that have been written about in the relevant literature. Phagocytic uptake of MWCNT-reinforced PMMA nanocomposite by KB cells leads to oxidative stress and apoptosis induction in a dose-dependent manner. The cytotoxicity of the generated composite and the ROS (reactive oxygen species) it produces may be controlled by adjusting the MWCNT loading. The conclusion that can be drawn from the studies to date is that it could be possible to treat some types of cancer using PMMA that has MWCNTs incorporated into it.

Keywords: KB cells; PMMA; cytotoxicity; multiwall carbon nanotubes; nanocomposite.

Grants and funding

Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University researcher, supporting program number (PNURSP2023R82), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.