In-vitro antioxidant, lipoxygenase inhibitory, and in-vivo muscle relaxant potential of the extract and constituent isolated from Diospyros kaki (Japanese Persimmon)

Adil Mujawah; Abdur Rauf; Sami Bawazeer; Abdul Wadood; Hassan A Hemeg; Saud Bawazeer

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13816

In-vitro antioxidant, lipoxygenase inhibitory, and in-vivo muscle relaxant potential of the extract and constituent isolated from Diospyros kaki (Japanese Persimmon)

Heliyon. 2023 Feb 17;9(3):e13816. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13816. eCollection 2023 Mar.

Authors

Adil Mujawah¹, Abdur Rauf², Sami Bawazeer³, Abdul Wadood⁴, Hassan A Hemeg⁵, Saud Bawazeer⁶

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, Ar Rass 51921, Saudi Arabia.
² Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Anbar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
³ Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, P.O. Box 42, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
⁵ Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, P.O. Box 344, Al-Medinah Al-Monawara 41411, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, P.O. Box 751, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

Diospyros kaki (Japanese persimmon) is cultivated specious of the Diospyros genus. D. kaki is a multi-medicinal application in the folk system for the cure of ischemic stroke, angina, atherosclerosis, muscle relaxation, internal hemorrhage, hypertension, high cough, and infectious disease. The main objective of this study was the isolated bioactive metabolites from chloroform fractions of D. kaki. The extract and fractions were then tested for various in-vitro (antioxidant and lipoxygenase) and in-vivo (muscle relaxant) activities. The repeated chromatographic separation of chloroform extract afforded compound 1. Compound 1, n-hexane, and chloroform fractions were evaluated for in vitro antioxidant, lipoxygenase inhibitory, and in vivo muscle relaxant potency. The chloroform extract has 79.54% interaction with DPPH at higher concentrations (100 μg/ml) while the compound exhibited a maximum effect of 95.09% at 100 μg/ml. Compound 1 exhibited significant lipoxygenase inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 36.98 μM followed by a chloroform extract of 57.09 μM. Similarly, compound 1 and chloroform extract showed excellent muscle relaxant effects at a higher dose. From this investigation, it is concluded that extracts and pure compounds exhibited promising antioxidant, lipoxygenase inhibitory, and muscle relaxant activity. This study excellently rationalizes the traditional usage of D. kaki in curing various diseases. Furthermore, the docking results indicate, that the isolated compound fits well into the active site of the lipoxygenase, and makes strong interactions with the target protein.

Keywords: Antioxidant; Diospyros kaki; Lipoxygenase; Molecular docking; Muscle relaxant; Phytochemical.