Biosynthesis and characterization of polysaccharide-capped silver nanoparticles from Acalypha indica L. and evaluation of their biological activities

Bidhayak Chakraborty; Meghashyama Prabhakara Bhat; Dhanyakumara Shivapoojar Basavarajappa; Muthuraj Rudrappa; Sreenivasa Nayaka; Raju Suresh Kumar; Abdulrahman I Almansour; Karthikeyan Perumal

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2023.115614

Biosynthesis and characterization of polysaccharide-capped silver nanoparticles from Acalypha indica L. and evaluation of their biological activities

Environ Res. 2023 May 15:225:115614. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115614. Epub 2023 Mar 6.

Authors

Bidhayak Chakraborty¹, Meghashyama Prabhakara Bhat¹, Dhanyakumara Shivapoojar Basavarajappa¹, Muthuraj Rudrappa¹, Sreenivasa Nayaka², Raju Suresh Kumar³, Abdulrahman I Almansour³, Karthikeyan Perumal⁴

Affiliations

¹ P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad-03, Karnataka, India.
² P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad-03, Karnataka, India. Electronic address: sreenivasankud@gmail.com.
³ Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.

PMID: 36889569
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115614

Abstract

Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are gaining popularity due to their distinctive biological applications. In this research work, an eco-friendly method of synthesizing AgNPs from the leaf polysaccharide (PS) of Acalypha indica L. ( A. indica) was carried out. Synthesis of polysaccharide-AgNPs (PS-AgNPs) was indicated by visual detection of colour change from pale yellow to light brown. The PS-AgNPs were characterized with different techniques and further evaluated for biological activities. The Ultra violet-visible (UV-Vis.) spectroscopy expressed a sharp absorption peak at 415 nm confirmed the synthesis. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis revealed the size range of particles from 14 nm to 85 nm. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis detected the presence of various functional groups. The cubic crystalline structure of PS-AgNPs was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the particles were found to be oval to polymorphic shaped through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with sizes from 7.25 nm to 92.51 nm. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) determined the presence of silver in PS-AgNPs. The zeta potential was -28.0 mV, which confirmed the stability and an average particle size of 62.2 nm was calculated through dynamic light scattering (DLS). Lastly, the thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) showed the PS-AgNPs were resistant to high temperature. The PS-AgNPs exhibited significant free radical scavenging activity with an IC₅₀ value of 112.91 μg/ml. They were highly capable of inhibiting the growth of different bacterial and plant fungal pathogens and also active to reduce the cell viability of prostate cancer (PC-3) cell line. The IC₅₀ value was 101.43 μg/ml. The flow cytometric apoptosis analysis revealed the percentage of viable, apoptotic and necrotic cells of PC-3 cell line. According to this evaluation, it can be concluded that these biosynthesized and environmentally friendly PS-AgNPs are helpful to improve therapeutics because of significant antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties to open up new possibilities for euthenics.

Keywords: Acalypha indica; Antioxidant; Flow cytometry; PC-3 cell line; Polysaccharide.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Acalypha*
Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
Antioxidants / pharmacology
Bacteria / metabolism
Metal Nanoparticles* / chemistry
Metal Nanoparticles* / toxicity
Silver / chemistry
Silver / pharmacology
Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared

Substances

Silver
Antioxidants
Anti-Bacterial Agents