The current literature review article describes the anatomy and pathogenesis of the vascular nature of thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS), as well as gathers the latest and most important information concerning its diagnostic methods and treatment. This syndrome's subcategory includes the venous and the arterial. Data for this review was accumulated through the PubMed database in which only scientific studies published in the last decade (2012-2022) were searched. PubMed offered 347 results, of which 23 were judged suitable and used. Non-invasive methods both for the diagnosis and the treatment of vascular TOS are gaining ground. Medicine, at this point, finds itself on the verge of slowly putting aside the previous invasive gold-standard methods, to be used only in the most urgent situations. The vascular thoracic outlet condition is a rare form of TOS but is also the most trouble-causing one and the deadliest. Fortunately, it can be more efficiently managed because of the current medical innovations. However, further research is needed to establish their already confirmed effectiveness, so they can be even more widely trusted and used.
Keywords: anatomy; arterial; neurogenic; symptoms; thoracic outlet syndrome; vascular; venous.
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