Association between anxiety and metabolic syndrome: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis

Shuang Ji; Yujiao Chen; Yuying Zhou; Yiting Cao; Xiao Li; Guoyong Ding; Fang Tang

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1118836

Association between anxiety and metabolic syndrome: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis

Front Psychiatry. 2023 Feb 16:14:1118836. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1118836. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Shuang Ji¹, Yujiao Chen¹, Yuying Zhou¹, Yiting Cao¹, Xiao Li^{2

3}, Guoyong Ding⁴, Fang Tang^{1

5

6}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Weifang Medical University and Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan, China.
² Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China.
³ Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
⁴ School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
⁵ Center for Big Data Research in Health and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
⁶ Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.

Abstract

Objective: Previous studies have demonstrated an association between anxiety and metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, the association is still controversial. This updated meta-analysis aimed to reanalyze the association between anxiety and MetS.

Methods: We comprehensively searched PubMed, Embase and Web of Science for all related studies published before January 23, 2023. Observational studies that informed effect size with 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between anxiety and MetS were included. According to heterogeneity between studies, fixed or random effects models were applied to calculate the pooled effect size. Publication bias was examined by funnel plots.

Results: The research included 24 cross-sectional studies: 20 studies used MetS as the dependent variable with a pooled OR of 1.07 (95% CI: 1.01-1.13) and four studies used anxiety as the dependent variable with a pooled OR of 1.14 (95% CI: 1.07-1.23). Three cohort studies were found: two studies detected the association of baseline anxiety with the risk of MetS, one of the studies demonstrated a significant association, but a similar result was not found in another study; one study showed no significant association between baseline MetS and the risk of anxiety.

Conclusion: Cross-sectional studies indicated an association between anxiety and MetS. The results from cohort studies are still inconsistent and limited. More large-scale prospective studies are needed to further reveal the causal relationship of anxiety with MetS.

Keywords: anxiety; cohort study; cross-sectional study; meta-analysis; metabolic syndrome.

Publication types

Review

Grants and funding

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (71804093), Academic Promotion Programme of Shandong First Medical University (2019LJ005 and 2019QL013), and Academic Promotion Programme of School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University (GW202218).