Synergistic Antibacterial Effect of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Vernonia amygdalina Delile Leaves with Tetracycline against Clinical Isolate Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Denny Satria; Urip Harahap; Aminah Dalimunthe; Abdi Wira Septama; Triani Hertiani; Nasri Nasri

doi:10.1155/2023/2259534

Synergistic Antibacterial Effect of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Vernonia amygdalina Delile Leaves with Tetracycline against Clinical Isolate Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci. 2023 Feb 20:2023:2259534. doi: 10.1155/2023/2259534. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Denny Satria¹, Urip Harahap², Aminah Dalimunthe², Abdi Wira Septama³, Triani Hertiani⁴, Nasri Nasri^{1

5}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl Tri Dharma No. 5 Kampus USU, Medan 20155, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia.
² Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl Tri Dharma No. 5 Kampus USU, Medan 20155, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia.
³ Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Kawasan PUSPITEK Serpong, Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15314, Indonesia.
⁴ Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
⁵ Department of Pharmacy, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan (STIKes) Senior Medan, Jl. Jamin Ginting KM. 8,5 No. 13, Mangga, Medan Tuntungan 20141, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia.

Abstract

Multidrug-resistant bacteria have raised global concern about the inability to fight deadly infectious diseases. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the most common resistant bacteria that are causing hospital infections. The present study was undertaken to investigate the synergistic antibacterial effect of the ethyl acetate fraction of Vernonia amygdalina Delile leaves (EAFVA) with tetracycline against the clinical isolates MRSA and P. aeruginosa. Microdilution was used to establish the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). A checkerboard assay was conducted for the interaction effect. Bacteriolysis, staphyloxanthin, and a swarming motility assay were also investigated. EAFVA exhibited antibacterial activity against MRSA and P. aeruginosa with a MIC value of 125 μg/mL. Tetracycline showed antibacterial activity against MRSA and P. aeruginosa with MIC values of 15.62 and 31.25 μg/mL, respectively. The interaction between EAFVA and tetracycline showed a synergistic effect against MRSA and P. aeruginosa with a Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI) of 0.375 and 0.31, respectively. The combination of EAFVA and tetracycline induced the alteration of MRSA and P. aeruginosa, leading to cell death. Moreover, EAFVA also inhibited the quorum sensing system in MRSA and P. aeruginosa. The results revealed that EAFVA enhanced the antibacterial activity of tetracycline against MRSA and P. aeruginosa. This extract also regulated the quorum sensing system in the tested bacteria.