Due to the existence of the expanding beam portion in the positive branch confocal unstable resonator, the laser passes through the intracavity deformable mirror (DM) twice with different apertures, which makes it complicated to calculate the required compensation surface of the DM. In this paper, an adaptive compensation method for intracavity aberrations based on reconstruction matrix optimization is proposed to solve this problem. A collimated probe laser of 976 nm and a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (SHWFS) are introduced from the outside of the resonator to detect intracavity aberrations. The feasibility and effectiveness of this method are verified by numerical simulations and the passive resonator testbed system. By adopting the optimized reconstruction matrix, the control voltages of the intracavity DM can be directly calculated from the SHWFS slopes. After compensation by the intracavity DM, the beam quality β of the annular beam coupled out from the scraper is improved from 6.2 times diffraction limit to 1.6 times diffraction limit.