Rhino Orbital Cerebral Mucormycosis in Covid-19 Crisis

Suresh Vadivel; M Gowrishankar; Kanagavel Vetrivel; B Sujatha; P Navaneethan

doi:10.1007/s12070-023-03474-1

Rhino Orbital Cerebral Mucormycosis in Covid-19 Crisis

Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2023 Apr;75(Suppl 1):1014-1020. doi: 10.1007/s12070-023-03474-1. Epub 2023 Feb 23.

Authors

Suresh Vadivel¹, M Gowrishankar¹, Kanagavel Vetrivel¹, B Sujatha¹, P Navaneethan¹

Affiliation

¹ Chennai, Tamilnadu India Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Stanley Medical College and Hospital.

Abstract

Rhino-Orbital cerebral Mucormycosis (ROCM) an angioinvasive fungal infection commonly seen in diabetic and immunocompromised patients. In recent days, due to COVID 19 pandemic mucormycosis has been significantly increased (Smith et al. in Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging 2(5):e200280, 2020). In this study we evaluate the involvement, clinical features, contributing risk factors and outcome of post covid Rhino orbital cerebral mucormycosis. A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted on post covid rhino orbital cerebral mucormycosis patients from May 2021 to October 2021 in Otorhinolaryngology department of Stanley Medical college Chennai. We collected detailed history of Covid-19 hospital stay, treatment taken, co morbidities, Endoscopic findings, management and outcome. 243 cases analysed with median age 51 years (range 28-75 years) and male predominance with M:F ratio 1.6. The median time interval between covid and ROCM was 20 (15-35) days. Based on involvement 111 (46%) Stage-II, 87 (36%) Stage-I, 37 (15%) stage III and 8 (3%) stage IV disease observed. with overall mortality of 5.7%. Among which 230 (94.6%) patients had diabetes mellitus, 111 (45.8%) patients received steroid and 134 (54.3%) had immunomodulators during covid management. Despite of surgical debridement and antifungal therapy 14 (5.8%) patients died from mucormycosis. we conclude that covid be the predisposing factor for mucormycosis especially in patients with diabetes and increased usage of steroids. Treatment needs multimodality approach with antifungals and surgical debridement with surveillance fir good outcome.

Keywords: Diabetes; Mucormycosis; Post covid; Steroids.

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