COVID-19 in a Pre-Omicron Era: A Cross-Sectional Immuno-Epidemical and Genomic Evaluation

Jorge Pamplona Pagnossa; Sarah de Oliveira Rodrigues; Gabriel Ferrari de Oliveira; Mohd Adnan; Maryam Saud Aljaid; Isabela Bacelar de Assis; Alex Sandro Gomes Lima; Mitesh Patel; Hanan A Ogaly; Gaber El-Saber Batiha

doi:10.3390/vaccines11020272

COVID-19 in a Pre-Omicron Era: A Cross-Sectional Immuno-Epidemical and Genomic Evaluation

Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Jan 27;11(2):272. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11020272.

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University, PUC-Minas, Poços de Caldas 37714-620, Brazil.
² Department of Electrical Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University, PUC-Minas, Poços de Caldas 37714-620, Brazil.
³ Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Municipality of Cruzeiro, São Paulo 12701-450, Brazil.
⁶ Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India.
⁷ Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.
⁸ Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt.
⁹ Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt.

Abstract

The seventh human coronavirus was discovered and reported primarily in Wuhan, China. After intense seasons with repercussions in all areas of humanity, the pandemic demonstrates a new perspective. In Brazil, the pandemic concept had impacts in vast areas, including healthcare hospitals. This present study aims to describe and synthesize data from a determined period from the year 2021 that correlate the symptoms of passive and/or active patients for COVID-19 and their respective results of IgG/IgM serological tests in hospitals in the city of Cruzeiro, São Paulo, Brazil. The form had been applied to 333 people and obtained conclusive results and several symptoms were presented; in addition, asymptomatic cases were also analyzed and directed in the genomic study of variants of concern, as well as vaccination data in the study region.

Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; genome; serological tests; symptomatology.

Grants and funding

This research received no external funding and the APC was funded by Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia, under grant no. RGP.1/282/43.