Immunological response after SARS-CoV-2 infection and mRNA vaccines in patients with myasthenia gravis treated with Rituximab

Neuromuscul Disord. 2023 Mar;33(3):288-294. doi: 10.1016/j.nmd.2023.02.005. Epub 2023 Feb 11.

Abstract

In this study we employed a comprehensive immune profiling approach to determine innate and adaptive immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and mRNA vaccines in patients with myasthenia gravis receiving rituximab. By multicolour cytometry, dendritic and natural killer cells, B- and T-cell subsets, including T-cells producing IFN-γ stimulated with SARS-CoV-2 peptides, were analysed after infection and mRNA vaccination. In the same conditions, anti-spike antibodies and cytokines' levels were measured in sera. Despite the impaired B cell and humoral response, rituximab patients showed an intact innate, CD8 T-cell and IFN-γ specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell response after infection and vaccination, comparable to controls. No signs of cytokine mediated inflammatory cascade was observed. Our study provides evidence of protective immune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection and mRNA vaccines in patients with myasthenia gravis on B cell depleting therapy and highlights the need for prospective studies with larger cohorts to clarify the role of B cells in SARS-CoV-2 immune response.

Keywords: Myasthenia gravis; Rituximab; Sars-CoV2; Vaccination.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • COVID-19*
  • Cytokines
  • Humans
  • Myasthenia Gravis*
  • Prospective Studies
  • Rituximab
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • mRNA Vaccines

Substances

  • mRNA Vaccines
  • Rituximab
  • Cytokines