Metabolite Profiling to Evaluate Metabolic Changes in Genetically Modified Protopanaxadiol-Enriched Rice

Ji-Eun Sim; Sung-Dug Oh; Kiyoon Kang; Yu-Mi Shin; Doh-Won Yun; So-Hyeon Baek; Yong-Eui Choi; Sang-Un Park; Jae-Kwang Kim

doi:10.3390/plants12040758

Metabolite Profiling to Evaluate Metabolic Changes in Genetically Modified Protopanaxadiol-Enriched Rice

Plants (Basel). 2023 Feb 8;12(4):758. doi: 10.3390/plants12040758.

Authors

Ji-Eun Sim¹, Sung-Dug Oh², Kiyoon Kang¹, Yu-Mi Shin¹, Doh-Won Yun², So-Hyeon Baek³, Yong-Eui Choi⁴, Sang-Un Park⁵, Jae-Kwang Kim¹

Affiliations

¹ Division of Life Sciences and Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea.
² National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea.
³ Department of Agricultural Life Science, Sunchon National University, 255, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea.
⁴ Department of Forest Resources, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
⁵ Department of Crop Science and Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.

Abstract

Event DS rice producing protopanaxadiol (PPD) has been previously developed by inserting Panax ginseng dammarenediol-II synthase gene (PgDDS) and PPD synthase gene (CYP716A47). We performed a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomics of the DS rice to identify metabolic alterations as the effects of genetic engineering by measuring the contents of 65 metabolites in seeds and 63 metabolites in leaves. Multivariate analysis and one-way analysis of variance between DS and non-genetically modified (GM) rice showed that DS rice accumulated fewer tocotrienols, tocopherols, and phytosterols than non-GM rice. These results may be due to competition for the same precursors because PPDs in DS rice are synthesized from the same precursors as those of phytosterols. In addition, multivariate analysis of metabolic data from rice leaves revealed that composition differed by growth stage rather than genetic modifications. Our results demonstrate the potential of metabolomics for identifying metabolic alterations in response to genetic modifications.

Keywords: CYP716A47; PgDDS; metabolic profiling; multivariate analysis; protopanaxadiol; protopanaxadiol rice; transgenic rice.

Grants and funding

This work was carried out with the support of “Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development (Project No. PJ01706903 and PJ015745)” funded by the Rural Development Administration (RDA), Republic of Korea.