Selective Targeting of Cancer-Related G-Quadruplex Structures by the Natural Compound Dicentrine

Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Feb 17;24(4):4070. doi: 10.3390/ijms24044070.

Abstract

Aiming to identify highly effective and selective G-quadruplex ligands as anticancer candidates, five natural compounds were investigated here, i.e., the alkaloids Canadine, D-Glaucine and Dicentrine, as well as the flavonoids Deguelin and Millettone, selected as analogs of compounds previously identified as promising G-quadruplex-targeting ligands. A preliminary screening with the G-quadruplex on the Controlled Pore Glass assay proved that, among the investigated compounds, Dicentrine is the most effective ligand of telomeric and oncogenic G-quadruplexes, also showing good G-quadruplex vs. duplex selectivity. In-depth studies in solution demonstrated the ability of Dicentrine to thermally stabilize telomeric and oncogenic G-quadruplexes without affecting the control duplex. Interestingly, it showed higher affinity for the investigated G-quadruplex structures over the control duplex (Kb~106 vs. 105 M-1), with some preference for the telomeric over the oncogenic G-quadruplex model. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that Dicentrine preferentially binds the G-quadruplex groove or the outer G-tetrad for the telomeric and oncogenic G-quadruplexes, respectively. Finally, biological assays proved that Dicentrine is highly effective in promoting potent and selective anticancer activity by inducing cell cycle arrest through apoptosis, preferentially targeting G-quadruplex structures localized at telomeres. Taken together, these data validate Dicentrine as a putative anticancer candidate drug selectively targeting cancer-related G-quadruplex structures.

Keywords: Dicentrine; G-quadruplex; natural compounds; oncogenes; telomeres.

MeSH terms

  • Antineoplastic Agents* / pharmacology
  • G-Quadruplexes*
  • Humans
  • Ligands
  • Molecular Dynamics Simulation
  • Neoplasms*
  • Telomere / metabolism

Substances

  • dicentrine
  • Ligands
  • Antineoplastic Agents