This retrospective nationwide population-based cohort study used a dataset collected from the Korean National Health Insurance Service. We evaluated incident type 2 diabetes, insulin requirements, and diabetes-associated complications during a 10-year follow-up period using the log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards regression models. In total, 8114 and 16,228 individuals with and without cancer, respectively, were enrolled. We found a higher incidence rate and an increased adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for new cases of type 2 diabetes in patients with cancer, compared with those without cancer. Additionally, patients with cancer had a higher risk of insulin requirement than patients without cancer (adjusted HR 1.43, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14-1.78). Although there was no significant association between diabetes-associated complications and overall cancer diagnosis, specific cancer types (pancreas, bladder, and prostate) showed an increased risk of subsequent diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, clinicians should closely monitor patients with cancer for the early detection of type 2 diabetes and related morbidities.
Keywords: cohort studies; diabetes mellitus; early detection of cancer; insulin; neoplasms; type 2.