Fracture healing is typically monitored by infrequent radiographs. Radiographs come at the cost of radiation exposure and reflect fracture healing with a time lag due to delayed fracture mineralization following increases in stiffness. Since union problems frequently occur after fractures, better and timelier methods to monitor the healing process are required. In this review, we provide an overview of the changes in gait parameters following lower leg fractures to investigate whether gait analysis can be used to monitor fracture healing. Studies assessing gait after lower leg fractures that were treated either surgically or conservatively were included. Spatiotemporal gait parameters, kinematics, kinetics, and pedography showed improvements in the gait pattern throughout the healing process of lower leg fractures. Especially gait speed and asymmetry measures have a high potential to monitor fracture healing. Pedographic measurements showed differences in gait between patients with and without union. No literature was available for other gait measures, but it is expected that further parameters reflect progress in bone healing. In conclusion, gait analysis seems to be a valuable tool for monitoring the healing process and predicting the occurrence of non-union of lower leg fractures.
Keywords: implant; malunion; motion capture; movement analysis; non-union; rehabilitation; tibial fracture; trauma; wearables.