Urinary and Serum Concentration of Deoxynivalenol (DON) and DON Metabolites as an Indicator of DON Contamination in Swine Diets

Josiane C Panisson; Michael O Wellington; Michael A Bosompem; Veronika Nagl; Heidi E Schwartz-Zimmermann; Daniel A Columbus

doi:10.3390/toxins15020120

Urinary and Serum Concentration of Deoxynivalenol (DON) and DON Metabolites as an Indicator of DON Contamination in Swine Diets

Toxins (Basel). 2023 Feb 2;15(2):120. doi: 10.3390/toxins15020120.

Authors

Josiane C Panisson^{1

2}, Michael O Wellington^{1

2}, Michael A Bosompem^{1

2}, Veronika Nagl³, Heidi E Schwartz-Zimmermann⁴, Daniel A Columbus^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Prairie Swine Centre Inc., Saskatoon, SK S7H 5N9, Canada.
² Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada.
³ DSM-BIOMIN Research Centre, Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
⁴ Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 3430 Tulln, Austria.

Abstract

Pig health is impaired and growth performance is reduced when exposed to deoxynivalenol (DON). The measurement of DON in individual feedstuffs and complete swine diets is variable because of the inconsistent distribution of mycotoxins in feed and the difficulties in obtaining representative samples. We investigated whether measuring DON and its metabolites in biological samples could be used as a predictor of DON ingestion by pigs. Blood samples were collected between 3 and 4 h after the morning meal and urine samples were quantitatively collected over a 24 h period on d 40 and 82 of the study to evaluate serum and urinary content of DON and DON metabolites (iso-deoxynivalenol, DON-3-glucuronide, DON-15-glcurunide, deepoxy-deoxynivalenol, iso-deepoxy-deoxynivalenol, deepoxy-deoxynivalenol-3-glucuronide, and deepoxy-deoxynivalenol-15-glucuronide). The intake of DON was positively correlated with urinary DON output. Similarly, there was an increase in serum DON level with increasing DON intake. Overall, it was found that DON intake correlated with DON concentration in urine and blood serum when samples were collected under controlled conditions. Analyzing DON levels in urine and blood serum could be used to predict a pig's DON intake.

Keywords: DOM; biomarkers; deoxynivalenol; iso-DON; metabolites; serum; urine.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Animal Feed
Animals
Diet
Food Contamination / analysis
Mycotoxins* / metabolism
Swine
Trichothecenes* / metabolism

Substances

deoxynivalenol
deepoxy-deoxynivalenol
Trichothecenes
Mycotoxins

Grants and funding

Funding for this study was provided by the Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture and the Canada-Saskatchewan Growing Forward 2 bi-lateral agreement (20170002), Biomin Holding GmbH, and Mitacs (IT12203).