Evaluation of Antidiabetic, Antioxidant and Anti-Hyperlipidemic Effects of Solanum indicum Fruit Extract in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Manoj M Gadewar; Prashanth G K; Prabhu Chandra Mishra; Ghulam Md Ashraf; Majed N Almashjary; Steve Harakeh; Vijay Upadhye; Abhijit Dey; Pallavi Singh; Niraj Kumar Jha; Saurabh Kumar Jha

doi:10.3390/cimb45020058

Evaluation of Antidiabetic, Antioxidant and Anti-Hyperlipidemic Effects of Solanum indicum Fruit Extract in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2023 Jan 19;45(2):903-917. doi: 10.3390/cimb45020058.

Authors

Manoj M Gadewar¹, Prashanth G K², Prabhu Chandra Mishra³, Ghulam Md Ashraf⁴, Majed N Almashjary^{5

6

7}, Steve Harakeh^{8

9}, Vijay Upadhye¹⁰, Abhijit Dey¹¹, Pallavi Singh¹², Niraj Kumar Jha^{3

13}, Saurabh Kumar Jha^{3

14

15}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, K.R. Mangalam University, Gurgaon 122103, India.
² Department of Chemistry, Sir M. Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Bengaluru 562157, India.
³ Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India.
⁴ Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
⁵ Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ Hematology Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
⁷ Animal House Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
⁸ King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
⁹ Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine (FM), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
¹⁰ Centre of Research for Development (CR4D), Parul University (DSIR-SIRO Recognized) PO Limda, Tal Waghodiya, Vadodara 391760, India.
¹¹ Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700032, India.
¹² Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun 248002, India.
¹³ School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India.
¹⁴ Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, India.
¹⁵ Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India.

Abstract

Background: Globally, diabetes mellitus is the most common cause of premature mortality after cardiovascular diseases and tobacco chewing. It is a heterogeneous metabolic disorder characterised by the faulty metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins as a result of defects in insulin secretion or resistance. It was estimated that approximately 463 million of the adult population are suffering from diabetes mellitus, which may grow up to 700 million by 2045. Solanum indicum is distributed all over India and all of the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The different parts of the plant such as the roots, leaves and fruits were used traditionally in the treatment of cough, asthma and rhinitis. However, the hypoglycaemic activity of the plant is not scientifically validated.

Purpose: The present study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant, antidiabetic and anti-hyperlipidaemic activity of methanolic fruit extract of Solanum indicum (SIE) in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats.

Method: Experimentally, type II diabetes was induced in rats by an i.p. injection of STZ at a dose of 60 mg/kg. The effect of the fruit extract was evaluated at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight in STZ-induced diabetic rats for 30 days.

Result: The oral administration of fruit extract caused a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the blood glucose level with a more prominent effect at 200 mg/kg. The fruit extract showed dose-dependent α-amylase and α-glycosidase inhibitory activity. It reduced the serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels remarkably in diabetic rats compared to normal. The extract showed the reduced activity of endogenous antioxidants, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase in the liver of STZ diabetic rats.

Conclusion: The result confirmed that the fruit extract of Solanum indicum showed a dose-dependent blood glucose lowering effect and significantly reduced elevated blood cholesterol and triglycerides. It prevented oxidative stress associated with type II diabetes in STZ rats.

Keywords: Solanum indicum; antidiabetic; antioxidants; lipid profile; streptozotocin.

Grants and funding

This research work was funded by the Institutional Fund projects under grant no. (IFPDP-99-22). Therefore, the authors gratefully acknowledge technical and financial support from the Ministry of Education and King Abdulaziz University, Deanship of Scientific Research, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.