Cancer is a debilitating disease, causing millions of deaths annually throughout the world. Due to their adaptive ability to meet nutritional demands, cancer cells often utilize more energy than normal cells. In order to develop new strategies to treat cancer, it is necessary to understand the underlying mechanisms of energy metabolism, which is yet largely unknown. Recent studies have shown that cellular innate nanodomains are involved in cellular energy metabolism and anabolism and GPCRs signaling regulation, which have a direct effect on cell fate and functions. Therefore, harnessing cellular innate nanodomains may evoke significant therapeutic impact and shift the research focus from exogenous nanomaterials to cellular innate nanodomains, which will have great potential to develop a new treatment modality for cancer. Keeping these points in view, we briefly discuss the impact of cellular innate nanodomains and their potential for advancing cancer therapeutics, and propose the concept of innate biological nano confinements, which include any innate structural and functional nano domains both in extracellular and intracellular with spatial heterogeneity.
Keywords: Cellular nanodomains; anabolism; cancer; energy metabolism; metastasis; Abbreviations GPCRs; G protein-coupled receptors; CAR T; chimeric antigen receptor T cells; FESEM; Field-emission scanning electron microscopy; FRET; Förster resonance energy transfer; cAMP; Cyclic adenosine monophosphate; TIRF; total internal reflection fluorescence; VAEM; variable angle epifluorescent microscopy; BNCs; biological nano confinements; GLP-1; glucagon-like peptide-1; iBNCs; innate biological nano confinements.