Habitat quality assessment provides an effective interface for exploring the mechanisms linking land use change and biodiversity. We used InVEST model to assess the spatial and temporal variations of habitat quality in the Pearl River source area from 2000 to 2020, and to examine the impacts of land use change on habitat quality. The results showed that during the study period, construction land had the largest change, with an area increase of 321.48 km2, and the area of grassland decreased most significantly. Habitat quality in the Pearl River source area was generally at a high level, with a small downward trend. The low value areas were concentrated in the town centers and main agricultural production areas, while habitat quality was high in the mountainous areas in the south and north region. The cold spots of habitat quality change had the most significant aggregation effect in the Quzhan Basin along the Nanpan River. The number of hot spots was small and scattered. Among the various types of nature reserves, habitat quality of Jiache Nature Reserve in Huize County was the lowest, and that of Zhujiangyuan Nature Reserve had a slight decreasing trend, mainly due to the transformation of grassland to cropland. The contribution of habitat quality degradation driven by land function change was 5.6 times as that of improvement. The encroachment of urban and rural construction space into grassland ecological space and agricultural production space was the dominant factor driving the reduction of habitat quality in the Pearl River source area. The contribution of construction land expansion decreased from 69.9% (2000-2010) to 46.7% (2010-2020). The expansion of construction land was the main cause for the degradation of habitat quality. The degradation threat from arable land expansion overtook the traffic network construction as the secondary threat source from 2010 to 2020. It was necessary to increase control of nature reserves in the Pearl River source area and to implement land use regulation strictly to guarantee no net loss and integrity of the ecosystem.
生境质量评估给探究土地利用变化与生物多样性之间的关联机制提供了有效接口。采用InVEST模型评估2000—2020年间珠江源区生境质量时空演变特征,衡量土地利用变化对生境质量的影响。结果表明: 研究期间,建设用地变化幅度最大,面积增加321.48 km2,草地面积降低最显著。珠江源区生境质量整体处于较高水平,呈小幅下降趋势,低值区集中于城镇中心和农业主产区,南部和北部山地生境质量高。生境质量变化的冷点在南盘江沿岸曲沾坝子的聚集效应最显著,热点数量少且分布零散。在各类自然保护地中,会泽驾车自然保护区生境质量最低,珠江源自然保护区生境质量有轻微降低态势,主要原因是局部地区草地向耕地的转变。土地功能变化驱使的生境质量退化贡献率是改善贡献率的5.6倍,城乡建设空间侵占草地生态空间和农业生产空间是珠江源区生境质量降低的主导因素。建设用地扩张的贡献度从2000—2010年的69.9%降为2010—2020年的46.7%,2010—2020年间来自耕地扩张的退化威胁超过路网建设成为次要威胁源。珠江源区仍需加大自然保护地的管控力度,严格落实土地用途管制,以保障生态系统的无净损失和完整性。.
Keywords: InVEST model; biodiversity; habitat quality; land use; the Pearl River source area.