Shape-memory responses compared between random and aligned electrospun fibrous mats

Xianliu Wang; Zhaowenbin Zhang; Chunping Qin; Xuran Guo; Yanzhong Zhang

doi:10.3389/fbioe.2023.1130315

Shape-memory responses compared between random and aligned electrospun fibrous mats

Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2023 Jan 26:11:1130315. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1130315. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Xianliu Wang¹, Zhaowenbin Zhang¹, Chunping Qin¹, Xuran Guo¹, Yanzhong Zhang^{1

2

3}

Affiliations

¹ College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China.
² Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Donghua University, Shanghai, China.
³ China Orthopaedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, China.

Abstract

Significant progress has been made in the design of smart fibers toward achieving improved efficacy in tissue regeneration. While electrospun fibers can be engineered with shape memory capability, both the fiber structure and applied shape-programming parameters are the determinants of final performance in applications. Herein, we report a comparison study on the shape memory responses compared between electrospun random and aligned fibers by varying the programming temperature T _prog and the deforming strain ε _deform . A PLLA-PHBV (6:4 mass ratio) polymer blend was first electrospun into random and aligned fibrous mat forms; thereafter, the effects of applying specific T _prog (37°C and 46°C) and ε _deform (30%, 50%, and 100%) on the morphological change, shape recovery efficiency, and switching temperature T _sw of the two types of fibrous structures were examined under stress-free condition, while the maximum recovery stress σ _max was determined under constrained recovery condition. It was identified that the applied T _prog had less impact on fiber morphology, but increasing ε _deform gave rise to attenuation in fiber diameters and bettering in fiber orientation, especially for random fibers. The efficiency of shape recovery was found to correlate with both the applied T _prog and ε _deform , with the aligned fibers exhibiting relatively higher recovery ability than the random counterpart. Moreover, T _sw was found to be close to T _prog , thereby revealing a temperature memory effect in the PLLA-PHBV fibers, with the aligned fibers showing more proximity, while the σ _max generated was ε _deform -dependent and 2.1-3.4 folds stronger for the aligned one in comparison with the random counterpart. Overall, the aligned fibers generally demonstrated better shape memory properties, which can be attributed to the macroscopic structural orderliness and increased molecular orientation and crystallinity imparted during the shape-programming process. Finally, the feasibility of using the shape memory effect to enable a mechanoactive fibrous substrate for regulating osteogenic differentiation of stem cells was demonstrated with the use of aligned fibers.

Keywords: electrospinning; mechanoactive scaffold; osteogenic differentiation; shape-memory polymers; temperature memory effect.