The Relationship between Energy Consumption, CO2 Emissions, Economic Growth, and Health Indicators

Jing Li; Muhammad Irfan; Sarminah Samad; Basit Ali; Yao Zhang; Daniel Badulescu; Alina Badulescu

doi:10.3390/ijerph20032325

The Relationship between Energy Consumption, CO₂ Emissions, Economic Growth, and Health Indicators

Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Jan 28;20(3):2325. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20032325.

Authors

Jing Li¹, Muhammad Irfan², Sarminah Samad³, Basit Ali², Yao Zhang⁴, Daniel Badulescu⁵, Alina Badulescu⁵

Affiliations

¹ School of Economics, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
² Department of Economics, COMSATS University Islamabad (C.U.I.), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
³ Department of Business Administration, College of Business and Administration, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ School of Management, Hebei Finance University, Baoding 071051, China.
⁵ Department of Economics and Business, Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania.

Abstract

The health and wellness of people through life expectancy, mortality rate improvement, and sustaining the productivity of labor contributes a lot to national income. Infrastructure development consumes energy and releases carbon dioxide at different stages of the construction process. The current study explores the nexus between CO₂ emission, energy consumption, mortality, life expectancy, and GDP in the top five carbon-emitting countries by using time series data from 1975 to 2015. The study used a cointegration technique to find the long- and short-run relationships between study variables. The study also used a structural break test to identify the break time. The results of the correlation matrix show strong positive correlation between CO₂ emissions and energy consumption. It also reflects a weak correlation with mortality and life expectancy in Japan and Russia. The results of the ADF test indicated that the series are stationary at first difference and provided evidence to use Johansen cointegration test for long- and short-run relationships between independent series. Vector error correction term and ECT method are used to find long-run relationships between cointegrated series and adjustment parameters. For the structural breaks of health indicators and energy consumption study, we used the Gregory Hanson structural break. Mortality rate and life expectancy rate of China, U.S., Russia, India, and Japan show relevant policy changes with economic policies of each country.

Keywords: CO2 emission; cointegration; life expectancy; mortality rate; structural break.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Carbon Dioxide* / analysis
China
Economic Development*
Humans
India
Japan
Renewable Energy

Substances

Carbon Dioxide

Grants and funding

This work was supported by Minzu University of China, Graduate School’s independent doctoral research project in 2021 “Research on Environmental Regulation and High-quality Economic Development in the Territory of Nationality” (BZKY2021079). This research is also supported by Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number (PNURSP2023R4), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. This work has been partially supported by the University of Oradea, within the Grants Competition “Scientific Research of Excellence Related to Priority Areas with Capitalization through Technology Transfer: INO—TRANSFER—UO—2nd Edition”, Project No. 233/2022.