Maturational patterns of the infant gut mycobiome are associated with early-life body mass index

Cell Rep Med. 2023 Feb 21;4(2):100928. doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.100928. Epub 2023 Feb 2.

Abstract

Unlike the bacterial microbiome, the role of early-life gut fungi in host metabolism and childhood obesity development remains poorly characterized. To address this, we investigate the relationship between the gut mycobiome of 100 infants from the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) Cohort Study and body mass index Z scores (BMIz) in the first 5 years of life. An increase in fungal richness during the first year of life is linked to parental and infant BMI. The relationship between richness pattern and early-life BMIz is modified by maternal BMI, maternal diet, infant antibiotic exposure, and bacterial beta diversity. Further, the abundances of Saccharomyces, Rhodotorula, and Malassezia are differentially associated with early-life BMIz. Using structural equation modeling, we determine that the mycobiome's contribution to BMIz is likely mediated by the bacterial microbiome. This demonstrates that mycobiome maturation and infant growth trajectories are distinctly linked, advocating for inclusion of fungi in larger pediatric microbiome studies.

Keywords: BMI Z score; CHILD Cohort Study; childhood weight gain; early life; gut fungi; infant growth; microbiome; mycobiome; obesity.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Body Mass Index
  • Canada
  • Child
  • Cohort Studies
  • Gastrointestinal Microbiome*
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Mycobiome*
  • Pediatric Obesity*