Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety Disorders Among Surgical Doctors in Public Hospitals in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study

Nahla Hariri; Nizar Bawahab; Elaf Banoon; Renad Abo Alshamat; Nami Almadani; Hamsa AlQashqri

doi:10.7759/cureus.33225

Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety Disorders Among Surgical Doctors in Public Hospitals in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study

Cureus. 2023 Jan 1;15(1):e33225. doi: 10.7759/cureus.33225. eCollection 2023 Jan.

Authors

Nahla Hariri¹, Nizar Bawahab², Elaf Banoon³, Renad Abo Alshamat⁴, Nami Almadani⁵, Hamsa AlQashqri¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Community Medicine and Healthcare of Pilgrims, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU.
² General Surgery, King Faisal Hospital, Makkah, SAU.
³ Emergency Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, SAU.
⁴ General Surgery, Al Noor Specialist Hospital, Makkah, SAU.
⁵ Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, SAU.

Abstract

Background Depression and anxiety are among the most prevalent illnesses worldwide. Although depression affects many individuals throughout their lives, physicians are at a heightened risk of developing the disorder due to their high-stress levels and enormous responsibilities. The study aimed to examine the prevalence of depression and anxiety disorders among surgical doctors in Makkah city hospitals as well as the risk factors. Methods Analytical cross-sectional research was performed at all public hospitals in Makkah city, Saudi Arabia. The Arabic version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used as the screening tool. Results Of the 153 surgeons, 47.1% were Saudis, 81.7% were men, and 46.7% were residents. A personal history of anxiety or depression was apparent among 11.8% of the surgeons, while 4.6% had a family history of a mental disorder. Based on the HADS questionnaire responses, the prevalence rate of anxiety was 30.7%, and 27.5% of the surgeons had depression. Based on the univariate regression analysis, anxiety was significantly linked with being a participant in the Saudi Board program (p=0.010), working for more than nine hours (p=0.020), and having work-related stress (p=0.011 for moderate stress and p=0.001 for severe stress) as well as related to those who were rarely or never satisfied with their income (p=0.016 and p=0.047, respectively) and who was rarely satisfied with their career (p=0.019). Depression among surgeons was significantly linked with the age of 50 to 59 (p=0.023) as well as related to those who were usually satisfied with their career (p=0.022) and those with moderate work-related stress (p=0.016). Conclusion Psychological disorders such as depression and anxiety are prevalent among surgeons. They should be appropriately evaluated at regular intervals throughout life, especially during residency programs, to ensure physical and mental well-being, appropriate training exposure, and patient safety.

Keywords: anxeity; depression; prevalence rate; saudi arabia; surgeons.