Reliability of nephrolithometric nomograms in patients treated with minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy: A precision study

Giorgio Mazzon; Francesco Claps; Nicola Pavan; Simon Choong; Guohua Zeng; Wenqi Wu; Jiehui Zhong; Maida Bada; Marco Pirozzi; Raffaele Vitale; Antonio Celia

doi:10.1016/j.ajur.2022.02.010

Reliability of nephrolithometric nomograms in patients treated with minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy: A precision study

Asian J Urol. 2023 Jan;10(1):70-80. doi: 10.1016/j.ajur.2022.02.010. Epub 2022 Jul 5.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Urology, San Bassiano Hospital, Bassano del Grappa, Italy.
² Department of Urology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
³ Institute of Urology, University College Hospitals London, London, UK.
⁴ Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Centre, the first affiliated hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.

Abstract

Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate quality of nephrolithometric nomograms to predict stone-free rates (SFRs) and complication rates (CRs) in case of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL). In the last decade, nomograms have been introduced to estimate the SFRs and CRs of PNL. However, no data are available regarding their reliability in case of utilization of miniaturized devices. Herein we present a prospective multicentric study to evaluate reliability of Guy's stone score (GSS), the stone size, tract length, obstruction, number of involved calyces, and essence of stone (S.T.O.N.E.) nephrolithometry score and Clinical Research Office of the Endourological Society (CROES) score in patients treated with minimally invasive PNL.

Methods: We evaluated SFRs and CRs of 222 adult patients treated with miniaturized PNL. Patients were considered stone-free if no residual fragments of any size at post-operative unenhanced computed tomography scan. Patients demographics, SFRs, and CRs were reported and analyzed. Performances of nomograms were evaluated with the area under the curve (AUC).

Results: We included 222 patients, the AUCs of GSS, CROES score, and S.T.O.N.E. nephrolithometry score were 0.69 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.61-0.78), 0.64 (95% CI 0.56-0.73), and 0.62 (95% CI 0.52-0.71), respectively. Regarding SFRs, at multivariate binomial logistic regression, only the GSS had significance with an odds ratio of 0.53 (95% CI 0.31-0.95, p=0.04). We did not find significant correlation with complications, with only a trend for GSS.

Conclusion: This is the first study evaluating nomograms in miniaturized PNL. They still show good reliability; however, our data showed lower performances compared to standard PNL. We emphasize the need of further studies to confirm this trend. A dedicated nomogram for minimally invasive PNL may be necessary.

Keywords: Clavien-Dindo; Nomogram; Percutaneous nephrolithotomy; Renal stone; Urolithiasis.