Occurrence of respiratory viruses among outpatients with diarrhea in Beijing, China, 2019-2020

Lingyu Shen; Hanqiu Yan; Weihong Li; Yi Tian; Changying Lin; Baiwei Liu; Yu Wang; Lei Jia; Daitao Zhang; Peng Yang; Quanyi Wang; Zhiyong Gao

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.1073980

Occurrence of respiratory viruses among outpatients with diarrhea in Beijing, China, 2019-2020

Front Microbiol. 2023 Jan 12:13:1073980. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1073980. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Lingyu Shen^{1

2}, Hanqiu Yan¹, Weihong Li¹, Yi Tian¹, Changying Lin¹, Baiwei Liu¹, Yu Wang¹, Lei Jia¹, Daitao Zhang¹, Peng Yang¹, Quanyi Wang¹, Zhiyong Gao¹

Affiliations

¹ Institute for Infectious Diseases and Endemic Diseases Prevention and Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China.
² Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate respiratory virus infections in diarrhea cases and identify the risk of respiratory virus transmission through feces.

Methods: Fecal specimens were collected from diarrhea cases in enteric disease clinics in Beijing, China, from 2019 to 2020. Cases that tested negative for norovirus, rotavirus, sapovirus, astrovirus, and enteric adenovirus were included in the study. Real-time RT-PCR was used to detect 16 groups of respiratory viruses, and the major viruses were genotyped. Viruses isolation and digestion of clinical specimens and nucleic acid by artificial gastric acid or artificial bile/pancreatic juice were used to evaluate the risk of respiratory virus transmission through feces.

Results: A total of 558 specimens were collected and 47 (8.42%) specimens were detected positive, 40 (13.33%, 40/300) in 2019, and 7 (2.71%, 7/258) in 2020, including 20 (3.58%) for human rhinovirus (HRV), 13 (2.32%) for Bocavirus (BoV), 6 (1.08%) for parainfluenza virus I (PIV), 4 (0.72%) for coronavirus (CoV) OC43, 3 (0.54%) for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) A, and 1 (0.18%) for both BoV and CoV OC43. Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and other viruses were not detected in this study. Eight genotypes were identified in the 13 HRV specimens. BoVs 1 and 2 were identified in nine BoV specimens. HRV infectious virions were successfully isolated from 2 clinical specimens and clinical specimens of HRV, RSV, PIV, and CoV could not be detected after 4 h of digestion and their nucleic acid could not be detected after 2 h of digestion by artificial gastric acid or artificial bile/pancreatic juice.

Conclusion: There may be a risk of respiratory virus transmission from diarrhea cases, and interventions against SARS-COV-2 epidemics are also effective for other respiratory viruses.

Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; clinical characteristics; diarrhea; genotype; respiratory viruses.

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the Cultivation Fund of Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control (2020-BJYJ-21), Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research (2020-2-1011), and National Key R&D Program of China (2021ZD0114103).