Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of humanized CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor T cells (hCART19s) in treating children and young adults with relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (R/R ALL) and to analyze relevant factors affecting its curative effect and prognosis. Methods: We conducted a single-center clinical trial involving 31 children and young adult patients with R/R B-ALL who were treated with humanized CD19-specific CAR-T cells (hCART19s) from May 2016 to September 2021. Results: Results showed that 27 (87.1%) patients achieved complete remission (CR) or CR with incomplete count recovery (CRi) one month after CAR-T cell infusion. During treatment, 20 (64.5%) patients developed grade 1-2 cytokine release syndrome (CRS) , and 4 (12.9%) developed grade 3 CRS. Additionally, two patients had grade 1 neurological events. During the follow-up with a median time of 19.3 months, the median event-free survival (EFS) was 15.7 months (95% CI 8.7-22.5) , and the median overall survival (OS) was 32.2 months (95% CI 10.6-53.9) . EFS and OS rates were higher in patients who have undergone hemopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) than in those without [EFS: (75.0 ± 12.5) % vs (21.1 ± 9.4) %, P=0.012; OS: (75.0 ± 12.5) % vs (24.6 ± 10.2) %, P=0.035]. The EFS and OS rates were significantly lower in patients with >3 treatment lines than in those with <3 treatment lines [EFS: 0 vs (49.5±10.4) %, P<0.001; OS: 0 vs (52.0±10.8) %, P<0.001]. To the cutoff date, 12 patients presented with CD19(+) relapse, and 1 had CD19(-) relapse. Conclusion: hCART19s are effective in treating pediatric and young adult R/R ALL patients, with a low incidence of severe adverse events and reversible symptoms. Following HSCT, the number of treatment lines can affect the long-term efficacy and prognosis of pediatric and young adult R/R ALL patients.
目的： 探讨人源化CD19 CAR-T细胞（hCART19s）治疗儿童及青少年复发、难治性急性淋巴细胞白血病（R/R ALL）的疗效及安全性，研究影响其预后的相关因素。 方法： 筛选2016年5月至2021年9月徐州医科大学附属医院入组NCT02782351临床试验中31例25岁以下儿童及青少年R/R ALL患者的临床资料，评价hCART19s在年轻患者中的疗效及安全性。 结果： hCART19s输注后1个月，短期疗效评估显示27例（87.1%）患者获得完全缓解（CR）或完全缓解兼部分血细胞计数缓解（CRi）。治疗期间，20例（64.5%）患者出现1~2级细胞因子释放综合征（CRS），4例（12.9%）出现3~4级CRS；2例患者出现1级神经系统毒性。中位随访19.3（2.2~62.4）个月，中位无事件生存（EFS）率和总生存（OS）率分别为15.7（95% CI 8.7~22.5）个月和32.2（95% CI 10.6~53.9）个月。桥接移植患者EFS和OS率均高于未桥接移植患者[EFS：（75.0±12.5）%对（21.1±9.4）%，P=0.010；OS：（75.0±12.5）%对（24.6±10.2）%，P=0.012]；既往治疗线数>3次的患者EFS和OS率明显低于治疗线数≤3次的患者[EFS：0对（49.5±10.4）%，P<0.001；OS：0对（52.0±10.8）%，P<0.001]。截止随访终点，13例患者出现CD19阳性（CD19(+)）复发，1例出现CD19阴性（CD19(-)）复发。 结论： hCART19s可有效治疗儿童及青少年R/R ALL患者，其严重不良事件发生率较低。桥接移植、治疗线数可对患者长期疗效及预后产生影响。.
Keywords: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia; CD19; Chimeric Antigen Receptor; Humanized; Relapsed/refractory.