Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Management

Ajitha Ramesh; Aniruddha Chatterjee; Rathan M Subramaniam

doi:10.1016/j.cpet.2022.10.002

Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Management

PET Clin. 2023 Apr;18(2):161-168. doi: 10.1016/j.cpet.2022.10.002. Epub 2023 Jan 25.

Authors

Ajitha Ramesh¹, Aniruddha Chatterjee², Rathan M Subramaniam³

Affiliations

¹ Dunedin Hospital, 201 Great King Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
² Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
³ Department of Medicine, Otago Medical School, University of Otago, 201 Great King Street, Dunedin, New Zealand; Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. Electronic address: rathan.subramaniam@otago.ac.nz.

PMID: 36707369
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2022.10.002

Abstract

Neuroendocrine tumors have variety of biological and clinical characteristics. The classification of neuroendocrine neoplasm has evolved, and the newest 2019 World Health Organization classification outlines a well-differentiated high-grade G3 subtype, recognizing its differences from the poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma. ⁶⁸Ga-DOTAT PET has largely replaced somatostatin scintigraphy as the diagnostic workup choice for NENs. NETest, a multi-analyte liquid biopsy, is a promising recent development in the biochemical diagnosis. Management includes wait and watch approach, surgical resection, somatostatin analogs, ¹⁷⁷Lu DOTATATE therapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy or immunotherapy combinations. Further clinical trials are necessary for determining the appropriate sequencing.

Keywords: Classification; Diagnosis; Management; Neuroendocrine neoplasms.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Humans
Neuroendocrine Tumors* / therapy
Organometallic Compounds*
Somatostatin

Substances

Somatostatin
Organometallic Compounds