Enemy in disguise: A case report of solitary trichoepithelioma initially diagnosed as BCC

Abstract

Introduction: Solitary trichoepitheliomas (TE) are benign tumors that are strikingly similar to their malignant counterpart, basal cell carcinoma (BCC).

Presentation of case: An 83-year-old man presented with a 10-year history of a right lower lid skin mass initially diagnosed as BCC. Intraoperatively, an excisional biopsy was performed with primary reconstruction of the skin defect and the specimen was submitted for histopathology processing. Eventually, histopathology findings suggested the diagnosis of benign hair follicle tumor. The postoperative results were aesthetically pleasing and the integrity of the lower lid was preserved.

Discussion: Despite being rare, benign solitary TE are frequently misdiagnosed as malignant BCC, and vice versa. Oculoplastic surgeons face considerable difficulty distinguishing the two pathologies due to their similar clinical and histological pictures. Hence, excisional biopsy should be considered whenever such discrepancy is confronted to avoid the possibility of recurrence or malignant transformation. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining could increase the accuracy of diagnosis in such unequivocal findings.

Conclusion: Correlation of clinical, dermoscopic and histopathological findings are essential to establish an accurate diagnosis and select the appropriate management. In-depth understanding of eyelid reconstruction principles is mandatory to achieve desirable goals.

Keywords: Basal cell carcinoma; Case report; Histopathology; Immunohistochemistry; Oculoplasty; Trichoepithelioma.