Citizens' reactions to global crises: a longitudinal study during the COVID-19 pandemic in Israel

Eran Vigoda-Gadot; Shlomo Mizrahi; Nissim Cohen; Efrat Mishor

doi:10.1007/s43545-023-00610-0

Citizens' reactions to global crises: a longitudinal study during the COVID-19 pandemic in Israel

SN Soc Sci. 2023;3(2):24. doi: 10.1007/s43545-023-00610-0. Epub 2023 Jan 17.

Authors

Eran Vigoda-Gadot^{1

2}, Shlomo Mizrahi¹, Nissim Cohen¹, Efrat Mishor¹

Affiliations

¹ Present Address: Division of Public Administration & Policy School of Political Science, University of Haifa, 3498838 Haifa, Israel.
² Institute for Public Administration & Governance, International Laboratory for Digital Transformation in Public Administration, National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE), Moscow, Russian Federation.

Abstract

This paper investigated citizens' reactions to global crises using the COVID-19 pandemic as a natural experiment. Theories in this field are controversial and thus knowledge on such reactions, their evolution, drivers, and consequences is limited. Building on several socio-psychological foundations such as trust building theories, the fear appeal theory, the theory of planned behavior, and the spillover theory, we explain developments in three major human responses: (1) perceptual and attitudinal responses such as trust in governance and interpersonal trust; (2) emotional responses such as fear of crises; and (3) behavioral responses such as civic engagement. Using a longitudinal design, we tracked the attitudes and behaviors of Israeli citizens over 22 months (7/2019-3/2021) and at four points in time (t1-t4). Findings are based on a time-lagged analysis of 3527 participants (n₁ = 602; n₂ = 750; n₃ = 970; n₄ = 1205), and a more focused analysis of panel data (n_1-4 = 256). In accordance with our theoretical foundations and specific models, we revealed a reaction pattern of shock→recognition→adjustment→reframing. We maintain that our findings improve understanding of citizens' reactions to government policies. They provide unique empirical evidence for resilience among citizens and across social structures which testify to bouncing-back capacities from global crises in various ways. Its lessons may thus direct future studies on the relationship between citizens and governments in other global crises and emergencies.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43545-023-00610-0.

Keywords: Citizens; Civic engagement; Emotions; Global crisis; Interpersonal trust; Trust in governance.

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