A Low-Profile Antenna for On-Body and Off-Body Applications in the Lower and Upper ISM and WLAN Bands

Esraa Mousa Ali; Wahaj Abbas Awan; Syeda Iffat Naqvi; Mohammed S Alzaidi; Abdullah Alzahrani; Dalia H Elkamchouchi; Francisco Falcone; Turki E A Alharbi

doi:10.3390/s23020709

A Low-Profile Antenna for On-Body and Off-Body Applications in the Lower and Upper ISM and WLAN Bands

Sensors (Basel). 2023 Jan 8;23(2):709. doi: 10.3390/s23020709.

Authors

Esraa Mousa Ali¹, Wahaj Abbas Awan², Syeda Iffat Naqvi³, Mohammed S Alzaidi⁴, Abdullah Alzahrani⁴, Dalia H Elkamchouchi⁵, Francisco Falcone^{6

7

8}, Turki E A Alharbi⁴

Affiliations

¹ Faculty of Aviation Sciences, Amman Arab University, Amman 11953, Jordan.
² Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea.
³ Telecommunication Engineering Department, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila (UET Taxila), Taxila 47050, Pakistan.
⁴ Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ Electrical Engineering and Communications Department, Campus Arrosadía, Universidad Pública de Navarra, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
⁷ Institute of Smart Cities, Campus Arrosadía, Universidad Pública de Navarra, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
⁸ Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.

Abstract

The article presents a Co-planar Waveguide (CPW) fed antenna of a low-profile, simple geometry, and compact size operating at the dual band for ISM and WLAN applications for 5G communication devices. The antenna has a small size of 30 mm × 18 mm × 0.79 mm and is realized using Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 substrate. The proposed dual-band antenna contains a CPW feedline along with the triangular patch. Later on, various stubs are loaded to obtain optimal results. The proposed antenna offers a dual band at 2.4 and 5.4 GHz while covering the impedance bandwidths of 2.25-2.8 GHz for ISM and 5.45-5.65 GHz for WLAN applications, respectively. The proposed antenna design is studied and analyzed using the Electromagnetic (EM) High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSSv9) tool, and a hardware prototype is fabricated to verify the simulated results. As the antenna is intended for on-body applications, therefore, Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) analysis is carried out to investigate the Electromagnetic effects of the antenna on the human body. Moreover, a comparison between the proposed dual-band antenna and other relevant works in the literature is presented. The results and comparison of the proposed work with other literary works validate that the proposed dual-band antenna is suitable for future 5G devices working in Industrial, Scientific, Medical (ISM), and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) bands.

Keywords: ISM; WLAN; Wi-Fi; compact antenna; dual-band.

MeSH terms

Communication
Equipment Design
Humans
Local Area Networks*
Wireless Technology*

Grants and funding

This work was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Gobierno de España (Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional -FEDER-, European Union) under the research grant of PID2021-127409OB-C31 CONDOR and by Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number (PNURSP2023R238), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.