Contextuality and Informational Redundancy

Entropy (Basel). 2022 Dec 21;25(1):6. doi: 10.3390/e25010006.

Abstract

A noncontextual system of random variables may become contextual if one adds to it a set of new variables, even if each of them is obtained by the same context-wise function of the old variables. This fact follows from the definition of contextuality, and its demonstration is trivial for inconsistently connected systems (i.e., systems with disturbance). However, it also holds for consistently connected (and even strongly consistently connected) systems, provided one acknowledges that if a given property was not measured in a given context, this information can be used in defining functions among the random variables. Moreover, every inconsistently connected system can be presented as a (strongly) consistently connected system with essentially the same contextuality characteristics.

Keywords: connections; consistent connectedness; contextuality; functions of connections; measurements; non-measurements.

Grants and funding

This research was partially funded by the FQXi grant 41001076.