1 GeoHealth Initiative, Department of Earth Observation Science, Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands; International Initiative on Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), The Netherlands.
2 Department of Health Behavior and Policy, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA.
3 Research Institute of Economics and Management, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu 610074, China.
4 School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
5 Center for Statistical Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Industrial Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
6 Institute for Global Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
7 Global Health Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
8 Global Health Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China; Department of Network Information, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
9 Department of Health Service Management, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
10 Global Health Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China; Fisher Institute of Health and Well-Being, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Health, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA. Electronic address: ywang26@bsu.edu.