1 College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. Electronic address: xiangjunliu@126.com.
2 School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
3 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, and Joint Center for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
4 School of Atmoshpheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China.
5 Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.