Ruminal and post-ruminal phytate degradation of diets containing rapeseed meal or soybean meal

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate ruminal and post-ruminal degradation of phytic acid (InsP₆) in diets containing either rapeseed meal (RSM) or soybean meal (SBM). In Experiment 1, the effective degradability of crude protein (CPED) and InsP₆ (InsP₆ED) was evaluated by incubating RSM and SBM in situ in three rumen-fistulated lactating Jersey cows for 2, 4, 6, 8, 16, 24, 48 and 72 h, and calculating effective degradability at rumen passage rates of 2% and 5%/h. In Experiment 2, eight wethers were assigned for 8 weeks to two dietary treatments (Diet RSM and Diet SBM) containing 150 g of either meal and 100 g of maize silage per feeding time and had free access to hay and water. Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) was added to the diets for the last 5 days of the study. The wethers were then stunned, exsanguinated and digesta from the reticulo-rumen, omasum, abomasum, jejunum, colon, and rectum were sampled. In Experiment 1, the InsP₆ED of RSM (InsP₆ED₂: 83%; InsP₆ED₅: 64%) decreased almost identically to that of CPED with increasing passage rate (CPED₂: 78%; CPED₅: 63%) and was significantly lower than that of SBM (InsP₆ED₂: 93%; InsP₆ED₅: 85%). In Experiment 2, ruminal InsP₆ disappearance was significantly higher in wethers fed Diet SBM (89%) than in those fed Diet RSM (76%). Total post-ruminal InsP₆ degradation was 6% for Diet RSM and 4% for Diet SBM (p = 0.186). The total tract InsP₆ disappearance was higher in Diet SBM (93%) than in Diet RSM (82%). Considering higher InsP₆ contents in RSM, Diet RSM resulted in significantly higher amounts of ruminally (Diet RSM: 4.5 g/d; Diet SBM: 3.4 g/d) and total tract (Diet RSM: 4.9 g/d; Diet SBM: 3.5 g/d) degraded InsP₆. InsP₅ was quantified in most of the digesta samples after feeding Diet RSM but was not detectable in the majority of digesta samples for Diet SBM. Concentrations of myo-inositol (MI) tended to be higher (p = 0.060) in the blood plasma of wethers fed Diet RSM. The consistency between ruminal InsP₆ disappearance in wethers and in situ calculated InsP₆ED₂, along with the very low extent of post-ruminal InsP₆ degradation, suggests that at a low rumen passage rate, InsP₆-P from the feed becoming available to ruminants is almost entirely from InsP₆ degradation in the rumen.

Keywords: InsP6 degradation; inositol phosphates; myo-inositol; rapeseed meal; ruminants; soybean meal.