Nutrition, body composition and physical activity have differential impact on the determination of lipidemic blood profiles between young females with different blood cholesterol concentrations

Spyridon Methenitis; Sousana K Papadopoulou; George Panayiotou; Athina Kaprara; Apostolos Hatzitolios; Petros Skepastianos; Konstantina Karali; Konstantinos Feidantsis

doi:10.1016/j.orcp.2023.01.003

Nutrition, body composition and physical activity have differential impact on the determination of lipidemic blood profiles between young females with different blood cholesterol concentrations

Obes Res Clin Pract. 2023 Jan-Feb;17(1):25-33. doi: 10.1016/j.orcp.2023.01.003. Epub 2023 Jan 12.

Authors

Spyridon Methenitis¹, Sousana K Papadopoulou², George Panayiotou³, Athina Kaprara⁴, Apostolos Hatzitolios⁵, Petros Skepastianos⁶, Konstantina Karali⁵, Konstantinos Feidantsis⁷

Affiliations

¹ Sports Performance Laboratory, School of Physical Education & Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens GR-17237, Greece; Department of Nutrition Sciences and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, P.O. Box 141, Sindos GR-57400, Thessaloniki, Greece; Theseus, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Center, Athens, Greece.
² Department of Nutrition Sciences and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, P.O. Box 141, Sindos GR-57400, Thessaloniki, Greece.
³ Laboratory of Exercise, Health and Human Performance, Applied Sport Science Postgraduate Program, Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
⁴ Laboratory of Sports Medicine, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-54124, Greece.
⁵ 1st Department of Cardiology, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-54124, Greece.
⁶ Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, P.O. Box 141, Sindos GR-57400, Thessaloniki, Greece.
⁷ Department of Nutrition Sciences and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, P.O. Box 141, Sindos GR-57400, Thessaloniki, Greece. Electronic address: kfeidant@uth.gr.

PMID: 36641266
DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2023.01.003

Abstract

Introduction: This cross-sectional study explored whether nutrition, body composition, and physical activity energy expenditure (PAΕΝ) have a differential impact on lipidemic blood profiles among young females with different blood cholesterol concentrations.

Methods: One hundred thirty-five young female students (N = 135) were allocated into three groups according to their blood cholesterol concentrations (Chol): (A) Normal [NL; Chol: < 200 mg·dL^-1; n = 56 Age: 21.4 ± 2.6 yrs, Body Mass Index (BMI): 22.1 ± 2.0 kg·m^-2], (B) Borderline (BL; Chol: ≥200 mg·dL^-1 and <240 mg·dL^-1; n = 44 Age: 21.6 ± 2.5 yrs, BMI: 24.2 ± 3.1 kg·m^-2) and (C) High level (HL; Chol: ≥240 mg·dL^-1; n = 35 Age: 22.5 ± 2.4 yrs, BMI: 28.9 ± 2.1 kg·m^-2). Body composition [bioelectrical impedance analysis including lean body mass (LBM) and body fat mass], nutritional intake (recall questionnaire), daily physical activity energy expenditure through activity trackers and resting blood lipids concentrations were evaluated.

Results: Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that in the NL group, lean mass, daily PAΕΝ and daily energy balance were the determinant parameters of blood lipidemic profiles (B: -0.815 to 0.700). In the BL group, nutrition, body composition and daily physical activity energy expenditure exhibited similar impacts (B: -0.440 to 0.478). In the HL group, nutritional intake and body fat mass determined blood lipidemic profile (B: -0.740 to 0.725).

Conclusion: Nutrition, body composition and daily PAΕΝ impact on blood lipids concentration is not universal among young females. In NL females, PAEN, energy expenditure and LBM are the strongest determinants of blood lipids, while in HL females, nutritional intake and body fat mass are. As PAΕΝ increases, the importance of nutrition and body fat decreases, and vice versa.

Keywords: Body fat; Cholesterol; Energy intake; Lean body mass; Physical activity; Triglycerides.

MeSH terms

Adolescent
Adult
Body Composition*
Body Mass Index
Cholesterol*
Cross-Sectional Studies
Exercise
Female
Humans
Lipids
Young Adult

Substances

Cholesterol
Lipids