Diuretics and Ultrafiltration in Heart Failure

Abstract

Fluid overload is a risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality, especially in patients with heart disease. The treatment options are limited to diuretics and mechanical fluid removal using ultrafiltration or renal replacement therapy. This paper provides an overview of the challenges of managing fluid overload, outlines the risks and benefits of different pharmacological options and extracorporeal techniques, and provides guidance for clinical practice.

Keywords: Acute kidney injury; Cardiorenal syndrome; Congestive heart failure; Fluid overload; Fluid removal; Heart failure; Renal replacement therapy; Ultrafiltration.