Single-mode Lamb wave excitation at high-frequency-thickness products using a conventional linear array transducer

Konstantinos Tzaferis; Morteza Tabatabaeipour; Gordon Dobie; David Lines; Charles N MacLeod

doi:10.1016/j.ultras.2022.106917

Single-mode Lamb wave excitation at high-frequency-thickness products using a conventional linear array transducer

Ultrasonics. 2023 Apr:130:106917. doi: 10.1016/j.ultras.2022.106917. Epub 2022 Dec 29.

Authors

Konstantinos Tzaferis¹, Morteza Tabatabaeipour², Gordon Dobie², David Lines², Charles N MacLeod²

Affiliations

¹ Centre for Ultrasonic Engineering, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G11XW, UK. Electronic address: konstantinos.tzaferis@strath.ac.uk.
² Centre for Ultrasonic Engineering, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G11XW, UK.

PMID: 36623371
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2022.106917

Abstract

Lamb wave excitation at high-frequency-thickness products offers a potential solution for high-resolution guided wave testing. The method is attractive for crack imaging and corrosion mapping, especially in hidden locations where direct access is limited. However, multiple modes may propagate, complicating signal interpretation, which is undesirable. In this work, a systematic approach is presented, in an effort to determine the influence of the key parameters related to single higher order Lamb wave mode excitation using a conventional linear array transducer. Specifically, a linear time delay law is used to enhance the targeted mode, while the array's length, pitch and apodisation profile remain to be optimally selected. First, an analytical solution is derived based on modal analysis. This provides a natural decomposition of the amplitude of a guided wave mode into the product of the response of a single element and the excitation spectrum. Then, a key observation is made, associating the excitation spectrum to the directivity function for bulk wave phased array steering. This allows the application of well-established phased array analysis tools to guided wave phased array excitation. In light of this fact, minimisation of the spectrum's bandwidth, elimination of the grating lobes and derivation of an apodisation profile are performed, to enhance the purity of the targeted mode. Finally, experiments conducted on an aluminium plate verify the above theoretical results. The Full Matrix is acquired, and all signals are reconstructed synthetically.

Keywords: Apodisation; Higher order mode region; Lamb waves; Single-mode excitation; Unidirectional propagation.