Highly sensitive detection of okadaic acid in seawater by magnetic solid-phase extraction based on low-cost metal/nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes

J Chromatogr A. 2023 Jan 25:1689:463772. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463772. Epub 2022 Dec 31.

Abstract

Algae toxins pose a severe threat to human health all over the world. In this study, magnetic metal/nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (M-NCNTs) were facilely synthesized based on one-step carbonization and applied for magnetic solid-phase extraction of okadaic acid (OA) from seawater followed by high performance liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) analyses. Differences in the physicochemical properties of the three prepared materials (Fe/Co/Ni-NCNTs) were investigated to confirm the best extraction material. Among them, Ni-NCNTs demonstrated a faster extraction rate (10 min) and higher adsorption capacity (223.5 mg g-1), mainly due to the higher specific surface area, suitable pore structure and more abundant pyridine nitrogen ring. Under the optimal conditions, the calibration curve was linear over the range (1.0-800.0 pg mL-1) with good determination coefficients (R) of 0.9992. The limit of detection (LOD) obtained in multiple replicates was 0.4 pg mL-1. Three seawater samples were measured by the developed method, 12.3 pg mL-1 of OA was detected with a satisfying recovery (88.6%-106.7%) and acceptable repeatability (RSD ≤ 4.8%, n = 6). The results demonstrate that M-NCNTs materials are a promising candidate for magnetic solid-phase extraction. Benefiting from its high extraction and interference resistance, the established analytical method is expected to be extended to detect other marine environmental pollutions.

Keywords: HPLC-MS/MS; Magnetic solid-phase extraction; Metal/nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes; Okadaic acid; Seawater.

MeSH terms

  • Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  • Humans
  • Magnetic Phenomena
  • Metals
  • Nanotubes, Carbon* / chemistry
  • Nitrogen
  • Okadaic Acid / analysis
  • Seawater / chemistry
  • Solid Phase Extraction / methods
  • Tandem Mass Spectrometry / methods

Substances

  • Okadaic Acid
  • Nanotubes, Carbon
  • Nitrogen
  • Metals