Search for exotic parity-violation interactions with quantum spin amplifiers

Yuanhong Wang; Ying Huang; Chang Guo; Min Jiang; Xiang Kang; Haowen Su; Yushu Qin; Wei Ji; Dongdong Hu; Xinhua Peng; Dmitry Budker

doi:10.1126/sciadv.ade0353

Search for exotic parity-violation interactions with quantum spin amplifiers

Sci Adv. 2023 Jan 6;9(1):eade0353. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.ade0353. Epub 2023 Jan 6.

Authors

Yuanhong Wang^{1

2}, Ying Huang^{1

2}, Chang Guo^{1

2}, Min Jiang^{1

2}, Xiang Kang^{1

2}, Haowen Su^{1

2}, Yushu Qin^{1

2}, Wei Ji^{3

4}, Dongdong Hu⁵, Xinhua Peng^{1

2}, Dmitry Budker^{3

4

6}

Affiliations

¹ CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China.
² CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China.
³ Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Mainz 55128, Germany.
⁴ Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany.
⁵ State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China.
⁶ Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-7300, USA.

Abstract

Quantum sensing provides sensitive tabletop tools to search for exotic spin-dependent interactions beyond the standard model, which have attracted great attention in theories and experiments. Here, we develop a technique based on Spin Amplifier for Particle PHysIcs REsearch (SAPPHIRE) to resonantly search for exotic interactions, specifically parity-odd spin-spin interactions. The present technique effectively amplifies exotic interaction fields by a factor of about 200 while being insensitive to spurious magnetic fields. Our studies, using such a quantum amplification technique, explore the parity-violation interactions mediated by a new vector boson in the challenging parameter space (force range between 3 mm and 1 km) and set the most stringent constraints on axial-vector electron-neutron couplings, substantially improving previous limits by five orders of magnitude. Moreover, our constraints on axial-vector couplings between nucleons reach into a hitherto unexplored parameter space. The present constraints complement the existing astrophysical and laboratory studies on potential standard model extensions.